Nanomedicine therapeutic delivery

In drug delivery, nanoparticles show great promise by altering the bioavailability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties of drug molecules to improve therapeutic delivery however, clinical translation has been slow with the lack of ideal and established solutions for precise targeting, cell internalization, and controlled drug solubility and release [24]. Polymeric nanomedicine can address these challenges. 

Research into the rational delivery and targeting of pharmaceutical, therapeutic, and diagnostic agents is at the forefront of projects in nanomedicine. These involve the identification of precise targets (cells and receptors) related to specific clinical conditions and choice of the appropriate nanocarriers to achieve the required responses while minimizing the side effects. Mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and cancers (tumour cells, as well as tumour neovasculature) are key targets [280]. 

Two major steps in drug delivery are commonly considered first step is the tissue vascular level (organ), accomplished by EPR effect for polymer therapeutics (nanomedicine) which can traverse the vascular wall to the tumor interstitium, where EPR effect plays the single most important role [69]. 

Progress in the development of nano-sized hybrid therapeutics and nano-sized dmg delivery systems over the last decade has been remarkable. A growing number of products have already secured regulatory authority approval and, in turn, are supported by a healthy clinical development pipeline. They include products used to treat cancer, hepatitis, muscular sclerosis, and growth hormone deficiency. (See Therapeutics Packaging and Nanomedicines in Chapter 7.)... 

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