Nanofluids

One of the new trends in chemical analysis appeared in the last decade is that the miniaturization. It becomes apparent in the miniaturization of analytical devices, separation procedures, measuring tools, analyzing samples and as a consequent the term micro have appeared. Further development of this trend have led to transfer from the term micro to nano one (nanoparticles, nanofluides, nanoprobes, nanoelectrodes, nanotubes, nanoscale, nanobarcode, nanoelectrospray, nanoreactors, etc). Thereupon a nanoscale films produced by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique are proposed for modifying of chemical sensors. 

AbgraU, P. and Nguyen, N. T. (2008) Nanofluidic devices and their applications. Anal Chem., 80, 2326-2341. 

Mapping of transport parameters in complex pore spaces is of interest for many respects. Apart from classical porous materials such as rock, brick, paper and tissue, one can think of objects used in microsystem technology. Recent developments such as lab-on-a-chip devices require detailed knowledge of transport properties. More detailed information can be found in new journals such as Lab on a Chip [1] and Microfluidics and Nanofluidics [2], for example, devoted especially to this subject. Electrokinetic effects in microscopic pore spaces are discussed in Ref. [3]. 

Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, a Spring-er-Verlag journal, Heidelberg. 

Brotchie A, Ashokkumar M, Zhang XFI (2010) Behaviour of interfacial nanofluids under ultrasound irradiation. Manuscript under review... 

Theoretical and model analysis based on a nanofluidic approach is needed for this situation. One may ask, is it possible to release proteins loaded in nanotubules We have found that the addition of the polycation PEI in the release solvent resulted in much quicker protein release, as demonstrated in Figure 14.9. In this case, most of the insulin was released in 1 hour instead of 100 hours. 10-40% of glucose oxidase, catalyse, and hemoglobin were released within 4 hours through complexation with PEI. It is unclear, whether the proteins were replaced by the polycation or released in a complex with PEI. 

Mortensen, N. A. Xiao, S. Pedersen, J., Liquid infiltrated photonic crystals Enhanced light matter interactions for lab on a chip applications, Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2008, 4, 117 127... 

Levy, U. Shamai, R., Tunable optofluidic devices, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 2008, 4, 97 105... 

Erickson, D. Mandal, S. Yang, A. Cordovez, B., Nanobiosensors Optofluidic, electrical and mechanical approaches to biomolecular detection at the nanoscale, Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2008, 4, 33 52... 

Erickson, D. Rockwood, T. Emery, T. Scherer, A. Psaltis, D., Nanofluidic tuning of photonic crystal circuits, Opt. Lett. 2006, 31, 59 61... 

The need for improved sensor performance has led to the emergence of micro and nanofluidics. These fields seek to develop miniaturized analysis systems that combine the desired attributes in a compact and cost-effective setting. These platforms are commonly labeled as labs-on-chip or micro total analysis systems (pTAS)2, often using optical methods to realize a desired functionality. The preeminent role that optics play has recently led to the notion of optofluidics as an independent field that deals with devices and methods in which optics and fluidics enable each other3. Most of the initial lab-on-chip advances, however, occurred in the area of fluidics, while the optical components continued to consist largely of bulk components such as polarizers, filters, lenses, and objectives. 

The nature of the liquid in contact with a surface is also very important, with respect to boundary conditions. Although slip has long been observed for highly non-Newtonian, viscoelastic liquids such as polymer flows and extrusions, many recent studies have reported slippage of Newtonian liquids under a variety of experimental conditions. This clearly indicates that care must be taken when modeling any type of micro- or nanofluidic system, no matter which liquid is employed. 

I.H. Chou, M. Benford, H.T. Beier, et al. Nanofluidic biosensing for )3-amyloid detection using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nano Lett., 8, 1729-1735 (2008). 

Displacement of Oil from Solid Surface by Micellar Nanofluid. 128... 

Chengara A, Nikolov AD, Wasan D, Trokhymchuk A, Henderson D (2004) Spreading of nanofluids driven by the structural disjoining pressure gradient. J Colloid Interface Sci 280 192-201... 

Wasan DT, Nikolov AD (2003) Spreading of nanofluids on solids. Nature 423 156-159... 

Kuo, T.C., Cannon, D.M., Jr., Shannon, M.A., Bohn, P.W., Sweedler, J.V., Hybrid three-dimensional nanofluidic/microfluidic devices using molecular gates, Sensors Actuators A 2003, 102, 223-233. 

Surface-mounted molecular rotary motors are extremely interesting from a basic viewpoint.33 They could also find applications in a variety of molecular-sized devices and machines, for example, in the fields of nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, and nanofluidics.50 Two different types of surface-mounted molecular rotors can be... 

One long-term objective of this research is to utilize the finest attributes associated with the worlds of both biological and synthetic materials to create nanomechanical systems powered by biological motors. Important fields of application include miniaturized (nanofluidic) analytical systems,131 molecular sorting,132 controlled adaptation of materials on a molecular to mesoscopic scale,133 and engineering lipid and polymer membrane systems with cellular processes.134... 

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