Photonic crystal enhancement

Mortensen, N. A. Xiao, S. Pedersen, J., Liquid infiltrated photonic crystals Enhanced light matter interactions for lab on a chip applications, Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2008, 4, 117 127... 

As a result, several schemes including cavity-enhanced Raman [6], photonic crystal-enhanced Raman [7], surface-enhanced Raman [8], etc., have been put forward in an attempt to increase the electromagnetic field strength for excitation. Among them, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), by far, is one of... 

It is only to be expected that some nonequilibrium detector stmctures have their analogs in semiconductor lasers. Exclusion detectors correspond to single-hetero-lasers, extraction devices to double-heterolasers, and magnetoconcentration detectors to lasers with the magnetoelectric photoeffect proposed by Marimoto et al. [331]. This inverse analogy is valid not only in electrical, but also in optical field, where e.g., resonant cavity (RCE) detector structures are connected with VCSEL lasers, and lasers with a PBG cavity with PCE (photonic crystal-enhanced) detectors. 

The second equihbrium group encompasses strucmres for increase in the optical path of the beam which already entered the active area of the detector, the so-called light trapping structures. These structures simultaneously increase radiative lifetime through the mechanism of reabsorption—photon recycling. They include different surface rehef stmctures for the increase in total internal reflection, from diflractive to macroscopic ones. Reflective detector surfaces also belong to this group, both the back-side ones and fuU resonant cavities (RCE—resonant cavity enhancement) with reflective surfaces both of the front and the back side of the detector. The most advanced stmctures for optical path and radiative time increase are radiative shields and photonic crystal enhancement stmcmres, which represent a fuU cavity enhancement and may support the existence of multiple modes. 

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