Polyaniline nanofibres

D. S. Sutar, N. Padma, D.K. Aswal, S.K. Deshpande, S.K. Gupta, and J.V. Yakhmi, Preparation of nanofibrous polyaniline films and their application as ammonia gas sensor, Sens. Actual. B,... 

Sutar DS, Padma N, Aswal DK, Deshpande SK, Gupta SK, Yakhmi JV (2007) Preparation of nanofibrous polyaniline... 

Fig. 8.18 FTIR spectra of PANI nanoflber and standard sample indicating that the major bonding environment remains unchanged for both standard and nanofibrous polyaniline stmctures...

Sadek A. Z., Wlodarski W., Shin K., Kaner R. B., and Kalantar-zadeh K., A layered surface acoustic wave gas sensor based on a polyaniline/In203 nanofibre composite. Nanotechnology, 17, 4488-4492, 2006. 

S. R. Sivakkumar, J.-S. Oh, and D.-W. Kim, Polyaniline nanofibres as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium-polymer cells assembled with gel polymer electrolyte, J. Power Sources, 163, 573-577 (2006). 

S. R. Sivakkumar, W. J. Kim, J.-A. Choi, D. R. MacFarlane, M. Forsyth, and D.-W. Kim, Electrochemical performance of polyaniline nanofibres and polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite as an electrode material for aqueous redox supercapacitors, J. Power... 

F.J. Liu, L.M. Huang, T.C. Wen, C.F. Li, S.L. Huang, and A. Gopalan, Effect of deposition sequence of platinum and ruthenium particles into nanofibrous network of polyaniline-poly (styrene sulfonic acid) on electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, Synth. Met., 158, 603-609 (2008). 

M. Bhaumik, R. McCrindle, A. Maity, Efficient removal of Congo red from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto interconnected polypyrrole-polyaniline nanofibres. Chem Eng / 2013,228, 506-515. 

Fryczkowskia R. and Kowalczyk T, Nanofibres from polyaniline/ polyhydroxybutyrate blends, Synth. Met, 2009,159,2266-2268. 

Yu X., Li Y.,ZhuN., Yang Q., and KalantarzadehK., A polyaniline nanofibre electrode and its application in a self-powered photoelectrochromic cell, Nanotechnoiogy 2007,18,015201. 

In this technique, two types of reactants are placed separately in two immiscible solvents, one of which is water. Polymerisation takes place at the interface in the presence or absence of a phase transfer catalyst (PTC) such cetyl tributyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), benzyl dimethyl hexadecyl ammonium chloride (BDMHDAC), tetramethyl ammonium bromide or tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide. This process is carried out by agitation or under static conditions. This technique is effective for condensation polymers or for the formation of polyaniline nanofibre. The advantages of the interfacial polymerisation technique include the use of simple equipment, nfild reaction conditions and flexibility in the ratio or purity of reac-... 

At room temperature, polyaniline nanofibres are synthesised using interfacial polymerisation between 1 M HCl in water (25 ml) containing ammonium persulfate and xylene (25 ml) containing aniline. The molar ratio of aniline to ammonium persulfate is kept at 4 1. Upon polymerization, xylene containing unreacted aniline is removed from the top and replaced with an equal volume of xylene. 

Abdul, R.N., Gizdavic-Nikolaidis, M., Ray, S., Easteal, A., and Travas-Sejdic, J. (2010) Functional electrospun nanofibres of poly(lactic acid) blends with polyaniline or poly(aniline-co-benzoic acid). Synth. Met., 160, 2015-2022. 

The nanofibrous structures prepared from dilute polymerization have no significant change when dedoped and redoped multiple times by base and acid solutions, respectively. The dispersion in deionized water of nanofibers is stable for several minutes without aggregation and precipitation [239]. Furthermore, a highly porous film of nanofibers is obtained as the dispersion is cast and dried on the glass or silicon wafer substrates. The UVA is absorption patterns of polyaniline nanofibers obtained are consistent with previously reported results for conventionally synthesized polyaniUne. 

Cellulose acetate nanofibers reinforced with chopped polyaniline, PANI, nanoparticles were produced. PANI acts as a nucleating agent and increases the formation of crystallites. The overall degree of ciystalhzation is increased, leading to the increased number of dipoles in the nanofibrous nonwoven membranes. ... 

Polyaniline/Silver Nanocomposites He and coworkers [56] employed chronopotentiometry to prepare polyaniline/silver (PANI/Ag) nanocomposite films in water-in-IL and IL-in-water microemnlsions, by simultaneous oxidative polymerization of aniline to PANI and rednction of silver nitrate to Ag nanoparticles. The PANI/ Ag prepared in water-in-IL microemulsion was nanofibrous, and the Ag nanocrystals with 5 nm diameter were dispersed homogeneously, whereas the PANI/Ag prepared in IL-in-water microemulsion exhibited dendritic structure, and the diameter of Ag nanocrystals was 50-100 nm. The special structures of the PANI/Ag nanocomposite resulted in more excellent electrochemical activity than that of the pure PANI. 

A straightforward method to prepare conductive nanofibrous membrane (NFM) is from the electrospinning of conducting polymers (Figure 13.8), such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, and polythiophene [64, 65]. Electrically conducting polymers are known to possess numerous features, which allow them to act as excellent materials for the development of sensing devices as well as for the immobilization of biomolecules in the design of biosensors [66]. 

Sun, L.-J., et al., Electrodeposited hybrid films of polyaniline and manganese oxide in nanofibrous structures for electrochemical supercapacitor. Electrochim. Acta, 2008. 53 p. 3036-3042. 

The first form of the emeraldine base polyaniline (PANI) to be investigated was bulk polyaniline. Bulk simply refers to the nanostructure of PANI, indicating that the PANI is used as-synthesized in its non-nanostructured form. This means that the surface morphology was not adjusted into nanofibrous form. After some baseline characterization and hydrogen sorption experiments, filler materials could be added to the PANI. The addition of filler materials to the matrix material could be used to... 

Fig. 4.26 a Four-point probe set-up and b I-V curve at a voltage in the range liom —3 to +3 V for electrospun PLLA/polyaniline (PANi) nanofibres. Reinoduced from Refs. [276,272], respectively... 

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