Nano-hydroxyapatite-collagen composite

Huang Z, Feng Q, Yu B, Li S (2011) Biomimetic properties of an injectable chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite. Mater Sd Eng C 31 683-687... 

Cui, F.Z. et al.. Biodegradation of a nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite by peritoneal monocyte-macrophages. Cells Mater., 6,31,1996. 

Du, C., Cui, F.Z., Feng, Q.L, Zhu, X.D. and de Groot, K. (1998) Tissue response to nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite implants in marrow cavity. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 42, 540-8. 

Common long bone defect models include the rabbit radial model (most popular), rat femoral model, and the dog radial model. A composite bone scaffold consisting of nano-hydroxyapatite, collagen, and PLA was found to integrate the rabbit radial defect after 12 weeks [49]. The effect of bone morphogenetic protein was evaluated in the rat femoral defect model [4]. It should be noted that the rat model requires either internal or external fixation. In the dog model, ulnae fractures may occur, resulting in unexpected loss. 

Liao, S., Ngiam, M., Chan, C.K., Ramakiishna, S., 2009. Fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite/ collagen/osteonectin composites for bone graft applications. Biomedical Materials 4, 025019. 

Kikuchi, M., Itoh, S., Matsumoto, H.N., Koyama, Y., Takakuda, K., Shinomiya, K., and Tanaka, J., Fibrillogenesis of hydroxyapatite/collagen self-organized nano-composites, Key Eng. Mater., 567, 240-242, 2003. 

Ngiam M et al (2009) The fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite on PLGA and PLGA/collagen nanofibrous composite scaffolds and their effects in osteoblastic behavior for bone tissue engineering. Bone 45(1) 4—16... 

Liao, S., et al., 2005. A three-layered nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite/collagen/PLGA composite membrane for guided tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 26 (36), 7564—7571. Available at http //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gOv/pubmed/16005963 (accessed 10.10.14.). 

Lu, L., Rui-xin, L., Li, Z., et al., 2011. Mechanical properties of hyaluronic acid modifying chitosan/collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold and its effect on osteoblast proliferation. Jonmal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 15 (38). 

A collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite/alginate hydrogel system, which has not only high osteoconductive activity but also excellent injectability and sustained release ability, bas been developed by Cao et al. (2012), while Wen and co-workers report on similar composite for the delivery of BMP-2 protein (Wen etal., 2011). 

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