Named antibiotics

Hashimoto, M. Kito, T. Takeuchi, M. Hamada, K. Maeda, Y. Okami and H. Umezawa, J. Anti-biol., 21 (1967) 37 

Buffer Formic acid-acetic acid-water (25 75 900) Component Solvent  

Ethyl acetate-2-propanol-water (85 10 5) Detection Iodine Rf 

I-Butanol-glacial acetic acid-water (4 1 5) Detection As PC Rf 

Ethyl acetate-di fl-butyl ether-2% aq. naph-thalene-2-sulfonic acid (1 1 2) 

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Chemical Name Antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces verticillus, or the same substance produced by any other means... 

Name Antibiotic spectrum Mol. wt. Amino acids Other components References... 

The name antibiotic was coined for substances isolated from microorganism growth media that had potent antibacterial, antifungal, antineo-plastic, and so on, activity. The well-known antibacterial penicillin G was the first to be discovered. Its activity was noted by Fleming in England in 1929, but the work of Florey and Chain in Oxford during... 

Candicidin D is a heptaene macrolide antibiotic produced by S. griseus IMRU 3570 containing an aromatic moiety. It was first described by Lechevalier et al. in 1953 and named antibiotic C135, although it was renamed candicidin because of its strong... 

In 1939 the isolation of a mixture of microbial products named tyrotbricin from a soil bacillus was described. Further investigation showed this material to be a mixture of gramicidin and tyrocidine. In rapid succession the isolation of actinomycin (1940), streptothricin (1942), streptomycin (1943), and neomycin (1949), produced by Streptomjces were reported and in 1942 the word antibiotic was introduced. Chloramphenicol, the first of the so-called broad spectmm antibiotics having a wide range of antimicrobial activity, was discovered in 1947. Aureomycin, the first member of the commercially important tetracycline antibiotics, was discovered in 1948. 

A marketed antibiotic s generic name is usually preferred because it is simpler and easier to remember. Tetracycline [60-54-8] is an example ... 

In the period up to 1970 most P-lactam research was concerned with the penicillin and cephalosporin group of antibiotics (1). Since that time, however, a wide variety of new mono- and bicychc P-lactam stmctures have been described. The carbapenems, characterized by the presence of the bicychc ting systems (1, X = CH2) originated from natural sources the penem ring (1, X = S) and its derivatives are the products of the chemical synthetic approach to new antibiotics. The chemical names are 7-oxo-(R)-l-a2abicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxyhc acid [78854-41-8] CyH NO, and 7-oxo-(R)-4-thia-l-a2abicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic a.cid [69126-94-9], C H NO S, respectively. 

A number of highly potent DHP-I stable iP-methylcarbapenems having a variety of C-2 substituents have now been described (60,66—69) including SM 7338 [96036-03-2] (42), C yH25N20 S. An acylamiao compound (66) and a iP-methoxy analogue (70) provide other variations. The pyrroHdine substituted iP-methyl-carbapenem SM 7338 (42) is being developed as a broad-spectmm parenteral antibiotic under the name meropenem the synthesis of (42) is by way of the lactone (43) derived by a novel Diels-Alder approach to dihydropyran precursors of (43) (71). 

Extensive carbapenem and penem antibiotic research has been ongoing since thienamycin was discovered in 1978. However, only the imipenem-cilastatin combination has become a commercial product. Launched in 1985 in the United States as a broad-spectmm hospital product under the name Ptimaxin, this product had worldwide sales of some 300 million in 1988. Sales were predicted to rise to 345 million for the year ending 1989 (154). 

Name CAS Registry Number Related to Produciag microbe Antibiotic. . a activity Mol wt (number of amino acids) Number ia family Refereac b e... 

Tharapautic Function Antibiotic Chatnical Name Amphomycin calcium Common Name Glumamicin... 

Therapeutic Function Topical antifungal Chemical Name Heptaene macrolide antibiotic Common Name —... 

Therapeutic Function Antitubercular Chemical Name Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic Common Name Caprolin Structural Formula ... 

Therapeutic Function Antibiotic Common Name Suicephalosporin... 

Therapeutic Function Antibiotic Chemical Name 1-N-Ethylisomicin... 

Closely related to the penicillins are the cephalosporins, a group of /3-lactam antibiotics that contain an unsaturated six-membered, sulfur-containing ring. Cephalexin, marketed under the trade name Keflex, is an example. Cephalosporins generally have much greater antibacterial activity than penicillins, particularly against resistant strains of bacteria. 

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