N-octene

The study of Tables I and II has revealed the fact that isomerization of a normal paraffin to an isoparaffin produces certain specific and characteristic changes in the physical constants as the methyl group is moved from point to point along the chain. In a paper presented before the Refining Division of the American Petroleum Institute in November 1942, attention was called by this author to alternation in the melting points of the n-octenes and n-octynes as the point of unsaturation is moved from position 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 (5). Now that the cis-trans pairs have been separated and more highly purified, the alternation remains characteristic of both forms, although the data on the cis forms are not fully verified. 

Maximum yield of epoxides can be expected with molecules, first 1,1-dimethy-lalkenes, which prefer addition to abstraction (allyl hydrogen removal).11,259,260 These oxidations are not steroselective mixtures of the isomeric oxiranes are formed in the reaction of isomeric n-octenes.261 This was interpreted as additional evidence of the formation of radical intermediate 28 allowing the rotation about the carbon—carbon bond. 

All hydroformylation experiments were performed in a continuously operated reactor. The concentration of the catalyst was varied from 0.1 to 0.4 wt % to keep olefin conversion at the same level (80-90% ) for all reaction temperatures. The total pressure for all experiments was 280 atm, and n-octene was used as typical straight chain olefin of medium chain length. 

Bestian and Clauss found that the dimerized butene-1 contained 88% 2-ethylhexene-l and 7.8% of n-octenes. After hydrogenation, the trimer from butene-1 consisted of 70% 2.4-diethyloctane and 30% 5-ethyldecane. 

It is generally accepted that the Pt/ZrCyS04 have both a metal and an acid function. The feedstock was switched from n-hexadecane to a 10 wt.% 1-octene/n-C16 mixture in the runs described above in order to determine if the metal function was deactivated. As can be seen in Figure 1, all of the 1-octane was converted using both the 0.6 and 5.0 wt.% Pi catalysts. The major product of the 1-octene conversion was n-octane. Little of the 1-octene was isomerized (0.50 wt.%) to methylheptanes. The fact that n-octane was the major product indicates that the metal function was not deactivated with respect to the function responsible for isomerization and was therefore not responsible for the low conversions of n-hexadecane. This fact plus the low yield of isomerization products (methylheptanes) from n-octene suggest that the acid sites have been deactivated in both catalysts. 

In situ IR spectroscopic studies have been carried out on the C02(C0)8 plus PBu"-based catalytic system with ethylene or n-octene as the olefins. Unlike in the case of Co2(CO)8, where HCo(CO)4 and Co(CO)4(COR) may be observed, in the presence of PBu", no Co(CO)3(PBu3)(COR) or Co(CO)3(PBu3))(R) types of complexes could be seen. This presumably is because of low concentrations of such intermediates under operating conditions. The mechanism of hydroformylation is assumed to be similar to the one shown in Fig. 5.7. Very little direct mechanistic evidence at a molecular level is available on the aldehyde hydrogenation reaction. 

Thus propene dimers, e. g., at 50 °C, have a composition of 22 % n-hexenes, 72 % 2-methylpentenes, and 6% 2,3-dimethylbutenes. Under the same conditions, isomer structures of n-butene dimers are 6 % n-octenes, 59 % 3-methylheptenes, and 34 % 3,4-dimethylhexenes propene-butene codimerization yields the following isomer distribution 12% n-heptenes, 12% 2-methylhexenes, 40% 3-methyl-hexenes and 35 % 2,3-dimethylpentenes. The relative rate constants for codimerization are... 

Description Polymer-grade ethylene is oligomerized in a liquid-phase reactor (1) with a liquid homogeneous catalyst designed for high activity and selectivity. Liquid effluent and spent catalyst are then separated (2) the liquid is distilled (3) for recycling unreacted ethylene to the reactor, then fractionated (4) in order to produce high-purity alpha olefins. Spent catalyst is treated to remove volatile hydrocarbons before safe disposal. The table below illustrates the superior purities attainable (wt%) with the Alpha-Select process n-Butene-1 >99 n-Hexene-1 >98 n-Octene-1 >96 n-Decene-1 >92... 

For any oligomer fraction, the distribution of isomers and the position of the double bond inside each structure depend on the catalyst composition (5). Without any particular ligand introduced in the catalytic system, and for an isobutene-free feed, the Cg isomers produced have the following distribution 7% n-octenes, 58% methylheptenes, and 35% dimethylhexenes (see Scheme 2). 

---