N-Butylamine reaction

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water No reaction Reactivity with Common Materials No reactions Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Not pertinent Polymerization Polymerization is accelerated by heat and exposure to oxygen, as well as the presence of contamination such as iron rust. Iron surfaces should be treated with an appropriate reducing agent such as sodium nitrate, before being placed into isoprene service Inhibitor of Polymerization Tertiary butyl catechol (0.06 %). Di-n-butylamine, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine andphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine are also recommended. 

Table 2-2. Determination of Reaction Order Reaction of n-Butylamine with 1 ...

Modification of the Erlenmeyer reaction has been developed using imines of the carbonyl compounds, obtained with aniline," benzylamine or n-butylamine. Ivanova has also shown that an A-methylketimine is an effective reagent in the Erlenmeyer azlactone synthesis. Quantitative yield of 19 is generated by treatment of 3 equivalents of 2-phenyl-5(4ff)-oxazolone (2) (freshly prepared in benzene) with 1 equivalent of iV-methyl-diphenylmethanimine (18) in benzene. Products resulting from aminolysis (20), alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis (21), and alcoholysis (22) were also described. 

The number of reactions that fit into this second class are manifold. Some typical examples are the amine-catalyzed reactions of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with n-butylamine in chloroform (k"/k = 2.59 l.mole-1)23, with allylamine in chloroform (k"jk — 4.60 l.mole-1)24 and with allylamine in ethanol (k"fk =0.36 l.mole-1)25 and the amine-catalyzed reaction of p-nitrofluorobenzene with piperidine in polar solvents (k"/k < 3.2 l.mole-1)26. A typical example of a strongly catalyzed system is the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenyl phenyl ether with piperidine in 60 % dioxan-40 % water27. 

Similar solvent effects are observed in the reaction of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and n-butylamine at 24.8 °C6. These results are summarized in Table 3. The reac-... 

In the context of synthesis and exchange reactions of biodegradable drug-binding matrices, starch trisuccinic acid was loaded via imidazolides with amines such as n-butylamine, morpholine, 4-aminobenzoic acid, or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine to prepare the respective amides in high yields [160] an example is presented below. 

Angelici and Brink (40) have found that in the reactions of amine with trans-M(CO),(PPhMe2)2+ (M = Mn or Re), the rate of carbamoyl formation follows the order, n-butylamine > cyclohexyl-amine >, isopropylamine > sec-butylamine >> tert-butylamine, implying a strong steric effect in carbamoyl formation. A similar order has been observed in the rate of reaction of organic esters with amines to form amides (41). The data in Table III indicate that a steric effect may be operative in the Ru (CO) /NR3-catalyzed WGSR, since with tertiary amines the rate follows the order, NMeQ > MeNC.H > NEt > NBu0, which does not reflect the basicity of these amines. 

Wang s approach for the synthesis of enyne-allenes focused on ene-allenyl iodide 45 (Scheme 14.12) [24]. Palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction of 45 with terminal alkynes 46 (R= Ph or CH2OH) proceeded smoothly under mild reaction conditions in the presence of the cocatalyst cuprous iodide and n-butylamine. The initially formed enyne-allene 47b with substituent R= CH2OH cyclized spontaneously to the corresponding a-methylstyrene derivative 48. 

X in PhjCSX on the rate of reaction (174) of the sulfenyl derivatives with either n-butylamine or hydroxide ion. Their results are in Table 9. The order of... 

The same displacement occurs in the hydrolysis of picrylimidazole238 (103). 103 reacts with n-butylamine in water239 to yield picric acid (from the reaction with water) and N-n-butyl-2,4,6-trinitroaniline. The dependence of k0bs values (s 1 moP1 dm3) on pH values indicates the presence (and importance) of equilibrium 27 on the reaction pathway of the... 

FIGURE 1. Diagram to show the effect of the increase in the initial concentration value of amine on the rate of substitution expressed as a second-order rate coefficient. Indicative [RNFLlo values and kjbs values are from reactions between 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and n-butylamine in toluene259... 

When the decomposition of the zwitterionic intermediate is rate-determining, the effect of the solvent is crucial since it may produce changes in the mechanisms and in the rate-determining step. A recent study of the kinetics of the reactions of 1-chloro-, 1-fluoro- and l-phenoxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene with piperidine, n-butylamine and benzylamine in ethyl acetate and THF indicated that these reactions resemble those in dipolar aprotic solvents when primary amines are the nucleophiles (i.e. that shown in equation 1, with... 

These studies have been recently extended to the reaction of n-butylamine (di-BA) and piperidine (PIP) with other aromatic substrates, such as l-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 4-chloro-3-nitrotrifluoromethylbenzene (CNTFB) in hexane, benzene, mesitylene and binary mixtures of hexane with the aromatic solvents, and the results are consistent with Scheme 4 which includes the proposal of a preferential solvation with the donor solvent, D115. As expected, a decrease in rate was observed in the reactions with butylamine with increasing amounts of the donor solvent, which was attributed to the formation of the EDA complex with the solvent. The result is expressed by equation 18 which, in the limiting case where Ks [Pg.1247]

The classical two-step base-catalysed S Ar reaction with amines, B, follows the third-order kinetic law given by equation 2. As noted in Section II, this equation predicts a straight line in the plot of a vs [B] or a downward curvature. But several SjvAr reactions with amines in aprotic solvents studied in the last decade exhibit an upward curvature, as is shown in Figure 10 for the reactions of 2,4-dinitroanisole with w-butylamine and the SvAr reaction of 2,6-dinitroanisole with n-butylamine in benzene143. In these systems, if a/[B] is plotted vs [B], straight lines are obtained and a downward curvature may be observed in some cases (as shown in Figure 11 for the reaction of 2,4-dinitroanisole with butylamine in benzene at 60 °C), which demonstrates that a new kinetic law is obeyed... 

FIGURE 10. (A) Reaction of 2,4-dinitroanisole with n-butylamine at 100 °C. (B) Reaction of 2,6-dinitroanisole with n-butylamine at 45 °C144. Reprinted with permission from Reference 144. Copyright (1983) American Chemical Society... 

It was shown that the derived expression for k is equation 28. (Section III.D). If k-i = (/t2 +/t3 [ 151 ). at high [B] equation 28 may be transformed into equation 30, which is responsible for the plateau observed in some cases [e.g. the reactions of 2,4-dinitroanisole with cyclohexylamine in benzene (Figure 11) and in cyclohexane (not shown)]143,144 and it was also observed in the reactions with n-butylamine in benzene at 60 °C (the reactions at 80 °C show a slight curvature, tending to a farther asymptotic behaviour). In all the S Ar systems studied by other authors, in which fourth-order kinetics were found, the observation of a similar plateau in the plots of La/[B] vs [B] was not reported. 

A plot of [B]/La vs [B] 1 should be linear, except where the conditions that allow the simplification to equation 43 are not fulfilled. Such a plot is presented as line A in Figure 15 for the reaction of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNA) with cyclohexylamine (CHA) in cyclohexane, and as line B in Figure 15 for the reactions with n-butylamine (BA) in benzene, both at 80 °C. Each is satisfactorily linear, and they allow evaluation of the different k values. Estimations of the k ksK/k- values for this and other reactions are given in Table 26144. The reactions at 80 °C exhibit useful behaviour for evaluation of the... 

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