Mytilus edulis bioconcentration

Ernst W. 1977. Determination of the bioconcentration potential of marine organism- A steady state approach. I. Bioconcentration data for seven chlorinated pesticides in mussels(mytilus edulis) and their relation to solubility data. Chemosphere 11 731 -740. 

Pentachlorophenol was found at high concentrations in all samples of sediments, waters, and biota collected near industrial facilities that used PCP as a wood preservative (Niimi and Cho 1983 Oikari and Kukkonen 1988) (Table 23.3). Fish can bioconcentrate PCP from water up to 10,000 times (Fox and Joshi 1984). However, similar concentrations were measured in blue mussel, Mytilus edulis (Folke and Birklund 1986), and softshell clam, Mya arenaria (Butte et al. 1985), from the vicinity of PCP-contaminated wastewater discharges as well as from more distant collection sites. Thus, PCP bioaccumulation in marine bivalve molluscs does not appear to be dose related. 

Mytilus edulis) from the dissolved phase of seawater was predictable from the log of the bioconcentration factor and the log Kow of the congeners (Bergen et al. 1993). American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from Galveston Bay, Texas, contained as much as 1100 pg/kg total PCBs DW soft parts, whereas conspecihcs from Tampa Bay, Florida, contained only 580 pg/kg DW soft parts most (54 to 94%) of the relative toxicity in both groups was due to PCBs 77,126, and 169 (Sericano et al. 1994). 

Brown. D. and Thompson, R.S. Phthalates and the aquatic environment Part II. The bioconcentration and depuration of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate 0DEHP) and diisodecyl phthalate 0DIDP) in mussels (Mytilus edulis), Chemosphere, ll(4) 427-435, 1982a. 

Serrano, R., Hernandez, F., Lopez, F.J., and Pena, J.B. Bioconcentration and depuration of chlorpyrifos in the marine mollusc Mytilus edulis, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 33(l) 47-52, 1997. 

The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for chromium(VI) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) is 1. In bottom-feeder bivalves, such as the oyster (Crassostrea virginica), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), and soft shell clam (Mya arenaria), the BCF values for chromium(III) and chromium(VI) may range from 86 to 192 (EPA 1980, 1984a Fishbein 1981 Schmidt and Andren 1984). The bioavailability of chromium(ni) to freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia pulex) decreased with the addition of humic acid (Ramelow et al. 

Davies et al. [378b] studied the bioconcentration of ivermectin (22,23-dihy-droavermectin Bj) in mussels Mytilus edulis). Ivermectin has been proposed as a chemotherapeutant for the treatment of farmed salmon infected with sea lice. The commercial ivermectin contains two avermectin derivatives at least 80% of 22,23-dihydroavermectin Bj (C48H74O14 molecular mass 874.5 g mol 0 and not more than 20% of 22,23-dihydroavermectin Bjb (C47H72O14, molecular mass 860.5 g mol 0- Both compounds possess nearly the same molecular dimensions with the same cross-section of ca. 25 A as avermectin Bj. The water solubility of ivermectin is low, between 6 and 9 pg 1. For comparison, the solubility of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in water is 5 pg h. ... 

The mussels bioconcentrated ivermectin from water at 6.9 pg 1 for 6 days under semi-static conditions by a factor on a wet weight basis (BCF ) of 750 (confidence limits 720-790). The lipid content of Mytilus edulis is between 1 and 2 %. The bioconcentration factor an a lipid basis (BCFl) of ivermectin in mussels is therefore between 37,500 and 75,000. That means that the bioconcentration potential of ivermectin is very high and that ivermectin Bj and ivermectin Bib are able to cross membranes of gill-breathing organisms although the cross-section is much bigger than 9.5 A. 

BIO ACCUMULATION pelecypod Mytilus edulis) exposure 0.22-1.95 pg/L, 50hr BCF 17,00X builds up in the tissues of fish and cattle bioconcentrated extensively taken up into the food chain by plants and bioconcentrates into fish, animals and milk... 

Ernst W (1979b) Metabolic transformation of l-(l- C) naphthol in bioconcentration studies with the common mussel Mytilus edulis. Veroff Inst Meeresforsch Bremerh 17 233-240 Ernst W, Goerke H, Weber K (1977) Fate of C-labelled di-, tri- and pentachlorobiphenyl in the marine annelid Nereis virens. Chemosphere 9 559-568... 

Renberg L, Tarkpea M, Sundstrom G (1986) The use of the bivalve Mytilus edulis diS a test organism for bioconcentration studies. II. The Bioconcentration of two -labelled chlorinated paraffins. Eco-toxicol. Environ Safety 11 361-372... 

Renberg, L., M. Tarkpea, and E. Linden. The Use of the Bivalve Mytilus edulis as a Test Organism for Bioconcentration Studies, Ecotoxicol Environ. Safety, 9(2) 171-178 (1982). 

Van Kolck, M., M.A.J. Huijbregts, K. Vellman, and AJ. Hendriks. 2008. Estimating bioconcentration factors, lethal concentrations and critical body residues of metals in the mol-lusks Pema viridis and Mytilus edulis using ion characteristics. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27 272-276. 

Source Data from M. van Kolck, M.A.J. Huijbregts, K. Veltman, and A.J. Hendriks, Estimating Bioconcentration Factors, Lethal Concentrations and Critical Body Residues of Metals in the Mollusks Pema viridis and Mytilus edulis Using Ion Characteristics. Environ. Toxicol. Cliem. 27 (2008) 272-276. Supplementary information available at http //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ store/10.1897/07-224R. 1/asset/supinfo/l 0.1897 07-224.S I.pdf v=l s=fda547dc5689332031 992621f5e3833819a8e96f. 

Van Kolck et al. (2008) developed 4 QSARs to predict the bioconcentration factors (BCF) of cations to the mussel Mytilus edulis, and 4 QSARs to predict the BCFs of cations to the mussel Perna viridis (Table 5.4). The BCFs for Mytilus edulis were developed for 8 cations and the QSARs with highest values were obtained using the ionic index (ZVr) and the covalent index (x i) (Table 5.18). The BCFs for Perna viridis were developed for 7 cations and the QSARs with highest values were obtained using the Pearson and Mawby softness parameter (Op) and the covalent index xit) (Table 5.18). 

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