Critical body residue

Fay, A. A., B. J. Brownawell, A. A. Elskus, and A. E. McElroy, Critical body residues in the marine amphipod Ampelisca abdita Sediment exposures with nonionic organic contaminants , Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1028-1035 (2000). 

Assessment of areas of concern 2.2 Critical body residues and links to (sub)lethal toxicity responses... 

CRITICAL BODY RESIDUE STUDIES AND LINKS TO (SUB)LETHAL TOXICITY RESPONSES... 

Lotufo, G.R. (1998) Lethal and sublethal toxicity of sediment-associated fluoranthene to benthic copepods application of the critical-body-residue approach, Aquatic Toxicology 44 (1-2), 17-30. 

Mathematical models have been developed and used to extrapolate toxicity under pulsed exposure conditions (for an overview, see Boxall et al. 2002 Reinert et al. 2002 Ashauer et al. 2006 Jager et al. 2006). Some models consider concentration x time (Meyer et al. 1995) others, uptake and depuration (Mancini 1983) or damage and repair (Breck 1988). Several models are based on the concept of critical body residues, which integrates toxicokinetics and the effects of exposure time on toxicity (McCarty and Mackay 1993 Barron et al. 2002). This approach is promising because several studies showed that toxicity from pulse exposures is largely... 

In the mechanistic models used to predict effects of time-variable exposure to organisms, a distinction can be made between 1) l-step models that consider the toxicokinetic terms uptake, elimination, and critical body residues and 2) 2-step models that besides toxicokinetics also address the toxicodynamic terms injury and repair. A disadvantage of these models is that their parameterization is compound-and species-specific and hence requires many experimental data (Section 6.2.3). 

For some chemicals, the amount of pollutant present in plant or animal tissues can be used to predict whether or not they will be affected. An organism can tolerate a certain amount of a chemical in its body above which level it is likely that adverse effects will occur. This is known as the critical body residue , although it sometimes is specific to certain tissues (e.g., liver or kidney). For example, it is known that a level of 6 pgg wet weight of lead in the liver of a duck will result in toxicity, and at 15 pgg wet weight it is highly likely that the duck will die. For other chemicals, the critical body residue is not known, and the presence of chemicals in the tissues can only be used as an indication that exposure has occurred. 

Van Kolck, M., M.A.J. Huijbregts, K. Vellman, and AJ. Hendriks. 2008. Estimating bioconcentration factors, lethal concentrations and critical body residues of metals in the mol-lusks Pema viridis and Mytilus edulis using ion characteristics. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27 272-276. 

Source Data from M. van Kolck, M.A.J. Huijbregts, K. Veltman, and A.J. Hendriks, Estimating Bioconcentration Factors, Lethal Concentrations and Critical Body Residues of Metals in the Mollusks Pema viridis and Mytilus edulis Using Ion Characteristics. Environ. Toxicol. Cliem. 27 (2008) 272-276. Supplementary information available at http //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ store/10.1897/07-224R. 1/asset/supinfo/l 0.1897 07-224.S I.pdf v=l s=fda547dc5689332031 992621f5e3833819a8e96f. 

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