Mycotoxins chromatographic analysis

Chromatographic analysis of some mycotoxins, in particular 0-heterocycles 97KFZ(7)49. 

Asake, Y., and S. Takitani Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of trichothecene mycotoxins. Dev. Food Sci. 4, 113 (1983). 

Domer, J. W., Chromatographic Analysis of Mycotoxins in T. Shibamoto (Ed.), Analysis of Environmental and Food Toxicants Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998, pp. 113-168. 

While HPLC does not always produce superior results to those with TLC it allows greater versatility and is more suitable for the analysis of complex organic matrices such as cereals. HPLC coupled to sensitive detection and sophisticated data retrieval has improved the identification of selected mycotoxins at levels much less than achieved by TLC. Additional chromatographic modes such as normal-phase, reverse phase and ion-exchange chromatography have been employed. There are no truly universal detectors available for HPLC. Detectors presently in use include Fourier transform infrared detections (FT-IRD), diode array ultraviolet detection (DAD) and mass selection detectors (MSD) (Coker, 1997). 

Immunoassay methodologies are now a major method for rapid analysis of many mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins. These immunochemical techniques are based upon quite different principles to chromatographic procedures. In essence, immunochemical procedures involve reversible binding between antigens (the... 

With at least two different SRM-transitions available for the analysis of a compound, one transition can be used for quantification ( quantifier ) and the other one for result confirmation ( qualifier ). If the branching ratio of quantifier to qualifier is found outside pre-defined ranges of acceptance, it is typically tried to apply a reanalysis with a more extensive chromatographic separation in order to overcome co-elution of interfering compound and analyte. This quantifier-qualifier-principle is used extensively in GC-MS and is now often applied for quantitative LC-MS/MS application too—especially in legally strictly regulated environments as forensic toxicology or pesticide and mycotoxin analysis in feed and foodstuff [55], In contrast,... 

Vesonder RF, Rohwedder WK. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of mycotoxins. In Cole RJ, ed. Modern Methods in the Analysis and Structure Elucidation of Mycotoxins. New York, NY Academic Press 1986 335-352. 

The use of a mass spectrometer as a detector for LC analysis brings a number of benefits to mycotoxin analysis. There is no need for chromophores or fluorophores in the analytes so derivatization can be avoided. The chemical structure of the analytes can be confirmed from molecular mass and fragmentation information and the use of tandem MS (MS/MS) allows greater selectivity. Multiple reaction monitoring and selected ion monitoring modes mean that chromatographic separation of all analytes is not necessary, as differentiation is carried out by the different ion transitions measured, and many multiresidue mycotoxin LC-MS methods now exist. These data acquisition modes can also increase the sensitivity of the method as the background noise is often reduced. 

The growing concerns regarding food safety have made the analysis of food contaminants an area of intense development in recent years, with a focus on chromatographic techniques, where LC has an essential role. The number of possible food contaminants grows without limit, including mycotoxins, antibiotic residues, and other potentially dangerous chemicals. 

Trucksess, M. W. 2001. Rapid analysis (thin layer chromatographic and immunochemical methods) for mycotoxins in foods and feeds). In Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins in Perspective at the Turn of the Millennium, ed. de Koe, W. J., Samson, R. A., van Egmond, H. R, Gilbert, J., and Sabino, M. lUPAC, The Netherlands, Wageningen. 

In comparison with the usual HPLC/UV method, it has heen shown in the analysis of mycotoxins using patulin (TV in Rg. 9.1) that the detection limit decreases hy a factor of 1(X) if an isotopic dilution assay (cf. 5.2.6) is carried out with [ C2] patulin as the internal standard. After sily-lation and gas chromatographic/mass spectromet-ric measurement of analyte and isotopomer, 5.7-26.0 pg/1 of patulin were found in apple juices. 

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