Mycobacterium tuberculosis, identifying

Taylor, G. C., M. Crossey, J. Saldanha, and T. Waldron (1996), DNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis identified in medieval human skeletal remains using polymerase chain reaction, /. Archaeol. Sci. 23, 789-798. 

To give the reader an idea of the practical effort of the immobilization strategies discussed, applications of these DNA chips are also included, e.g. with one chapter describing the immobilization step included in a short oligonucleotide ligation assay on DNA chip (SOLAC) to identify mutations in a gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in chnic isolates indicating rifampin resistance. 

Sarker M, Talcott C, Madrid P et al (2012) Combining cheminformatics methods and pathway analysis to identify molecules with whole cell activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pharm Res 29 2115-2127... 

Kumar A, Siddiqi MI (2010) Receptor based 3D-QSAR to identify putative binders of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase. J Mol Model 16 877-893... 

Kumar A, Siddiqi MI, Miertus S (2010) New molecular scaffolds for the design of Mycobacterium tuberculosis type II dehydro-quinase inhibitors identified using ligand and receptor based virtual screening. J Mol Model 16 693-712... 

It is only comparatively recently that D-arabinose has been found to be a constituent of natural products in contrast to the frequent occurrence of its enantiomorph. Units of D-arabofuranose have been shown to form part of the molecules of the polysaccharides isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (human strain),28 being identified as methyl 3,5-dimethyl-D-arabofuranoside in the products of hydrolysis, after methylation, of the somatic polysaccharide, and as the above glycoside and the methyl trimethyl-D-arabofuranoside in the lipid-bound fraction. 2-Methyl-D-arabinose has been synthesized. 

PCR can provide valuable diagnostic information in medicine. Bacteria and viruses can be readily detected with the use of specific primers. For example, PCR can reveal the presence of human immunodeficiency virus in people who have not mounted an immune response to this pathogen and would therefore be missed with an antibody assay. Finding Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in tissue specimens is slow and laborious. With PCR, as few as 10 tubercle bacilli per million human cells can be readily detected. PCR is a promising method for the early detection of certain cancers. This technique can identify mutations of certain growth-control genes, such as the ras genes (Section 15.4 2). The... 

The flavoenzyme UDP-galactop)ranose mutase (UGM) plays a key role in the cell wall biosynthesis of many pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. McNeil and co-workers developed a microtiter plate assay for UGM (O Scheme 14) [157]. The assay is based on the release of tritiated formaldehyde from UDP-galactofuranose but not UDP-galactopyranose by periodate and was used to identify a uridine-based enzyme inhibitor from a chemical library. The potent inhibitor 320KAW73 (IC50 = 6 pM) was identified. 

Mycolic acids analysis by thin layer chromatography has been employed by several laboratories worldwide as a method for fast identification of Mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains identified by classical methods were confirmed by their mycolic acid content. 

Other flavonoids from the Anthemideae tribe also showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Crude extracts of Haplopappus sonorensis (A. Gray) S.F. Blake showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis [228], 5-hydroxy-3,7,4 -trimethoxyflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4 -dimethoxyflavone (ermanin), Fig. (34) and 5,4 -dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone were identified by assay-guided fractionation, as the antimycobacterial principles. The flavonoid ermanin, Fig. (34) was the most active compound. 

The IR spectrum of Feni(TPP)(0N02)N0 at low-temperatures has vFe-NO at 548 cm-1 284 The resonance Raman spectrum of NO-bound ferric derivatives of wild-type and mutated (BIO Tyr - Phe) FIbN (a haemoglobin from Mycobacterium tuberculosis) showed vFe-NO and 8Fe-N-0 at 591, 579 cm-1 respectively.285 Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy has been used to identify a number of modes involving motion of iron in the plane of the porphyrin in nitrosyl porphyrins, e.g. Fe NO torsion modes at 27 and 54 cm 1 in Fe(TPP)NO 286... 

Nitric oxide reacts with Fen(M4PyTPP), where M4PyTPP = meso-4-pyridyltriphenyl-porphyrinate, to form two nitrosyl complexes, identified by IR spectroscopy.298 The resonance Raman spectrum of the NO-bound ferric derivative of HbN (a haemoglobin from Mycobacterium tuberculosis) showed a shift of vNO from 1914 cm-1 to 1908 cm-1 on forming the B10 Tyr - Phe mutant.299 The resonance Raman spectrum of the iron(II)-NO complex of the haem-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2a kinase (HRI) is consistent with a... 

---