Mutants penicillium

Selection of a constitutive hyper-pectinolytic mutant from a Penicillium strain... 

Cyclopiazonic acid is synthesized by a number of Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. The Aspergillus spp. that have been reported as cyclopiazonic-acid producers are A. flavus (the most studied cyclopiazonic-acid producer) along with A. versicolor, A. oryzae, and A. tamarii. Among the Penicillium spp. producers are P. verrucosum, P. patulum, P. camembertii, and P. puberulum. In A. flavus, cyclopiazonic-acid production usually occurs in conjunction with aflatoxin production. However, studies of aflatoxin mutants have shown that synthesizing cyclopiazonic acid is independent of the capacity to synthesize aflatoxin (Horn and Dorner, 1999). Little is known about the impact of... 

Neurospora crassa (wild type and 286-lOHSa mutant [1]) [1] <4> Penicillium chrysogenum (Q-176 [1]) [1]... 

High levels of Ci are found in culture filtrates of only a few cellulolytic microorganisms high levels of Cx are found in many. Many culture filtrates rich in Cx contain no Ci, but the converse is not true. Good examples of culture filtrates rich in C i are those from the fungi Fusarium solani (12, 20, 21), Penicillium funiculosum (13, 21), Sporotrichum pul-verulentum (23,24), and Trichoderma koningii (25,26,27), but culture filtrates of T. viride (28-32), particularly T. xeesei (33) (formerly T. viride QM 6a) and derived mutants (34), appear to be the best. 

The production of mutant strains of Penicillium chrysognum by X-ray and ultraviolet radiation. 

Hadj-Taieb, N., Ayadi, M., Trigui, S., Bouabdallah, F., and Gargouri, A., Hyperproduction of pectinase activities by a fully constitutive mutant (CT1) of Penicillium occitanis. Enzyme Microbial Technol 2002, 30 (5), 662-666. 

Xylitol is the probable connecting point between the D-xylose and L-arabi-nose metabolic pathways (Fig. 5). L-arabinose is the form found most abundantly in nature. Early work by Chaing and Knight showed that cell-free extracts of Penicillium chrysogenum convert L-arabinose to both L-ribose and L-xylulose through the intermediate, L-arabinitol (= L-arabitol) [80]. Only one enzyme, aldose reductase, appears to be responsible for the conversion of L-arabinose to L-arabinitol. Aldose reductase also acts on D-arabinose to produce D-arabitol. Witterveen et al. obtained a mutant of Aspergillus niger deficient in... 

The labelling studies described above provide definitive evidence for the mixed polyketide-terpenoid biogenesis of the andibenins, andilesins, andi-tomins, austin and terretonin. The formation of the bicyclo [2.2.2] octane system in the first two classes of metabolite provides a rare example of a biosynthetic Diels-Alder reaction. The biosynthetic relationship of austin and andibenin was supported by the isolation of austin from another mutant strain of A. variecolor [81]. Further metabolites related to austin have been isolated from Emericella dentata [82] and Penicillium diversum [81]. Other complex metabolites which are almost certainly further products of the meroterpenoid pathway are fumiga-tonin (102) and paraherquonin (103) which have been isolated from Aspergillus... 

Despite the apparent connections between formation of antibiotics and spores, it has become clear that antibiotic production is not obligatory for spore formation [192]. The most damaging evidence to the antibiotic-spore obligatory hypothesis is the existence of mutants which form no antibiotic but still sporulate. Such mutants have been found in the cases of bacitracin (Bacillus licheniformis), myco-bacillin (Bacillus subtilis), linear gramicidin (B. brevis), tyrocidine (B. brevis), gramicidin S (B. brevis), oxytetracycline (Streptomyces rimosus), streptomycin (S. griseus), methylenomycin A (Streptomyces coelicolor), and patulin (Penicillium urticae). 

Sekiguchi, J., Kuroda, H., Yamada, Y., and Okada, H. (1985). Structure of patulolide A, a new macrolide from Penicillium urticae mutants. Tetrahedron Lett. 26, 2341 -2342. 

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