Muscle spasm concentrate

A 50-year-old man with hereditary osteo-onychodys-plasia had smoked marijuana since 1974 to alleviate muscle spasms and pain (current use 7 g/day of 3.75% THC). He had mild-to-moderate impairment of attention and concentration and reduced ability to acquire new verbal material. He scored poorly on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), a measure of short-term memory recall, and had difficulty with motor tasks. 

Drugs injected directly into the cerebrospinal fluid have a tendency to produce unpredictable effects, their spread being influenced not only by the volume administered, but also by the concentration of the drug, its specific gravity in relation to that of cerebrospinal fluid, the positioning of the patient (head-up or head-down), and on the speed of injection of bolus doses. Truncal muscle spasms can also increase the spread of drug within the cerebrospinal fluid. All these parameters need to be taken into consideration. Standardization is required as a first step. Rapid bolus injection in particular can produce unexpectedly severe adverse effects. 

A 45-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis had smoked cannabis since 1990 to control pain and muscle spasms (current use marijuana cigarettes containing 3.5% THC 10/day). She had impairment of concentration, learning, and memory efficiency. Her ability to acquire new verbal information was also impaired. 

A 40-year-old woman developed nausea, malaise, impaired concentration, trembhng, unsteadiness, diarrhea, and muscle spasm in association with a serum lithium concentration of 2.1 mmol/1 while taking trimethoprim 300 mg/day (495). 

Generalized symptoms of chronic exposure dibutyl phthalate include pain, numbness, spasms, weakness, and finally, polyneuritis. In an American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) study of 147 Russian workers exposed to several dibutyl esters for a period of 0.5-19 years and an air concentration of 1.7-66mgm reported significant adverse effects. By the seventh year of work, reports of pain, numbness, and muscle spasms were reported. These symptoms were followed by weakness in the extremities and a 32% rate of polyneuritis. 

Intravenous potassium use should be limited to (1) severe cases of hypokalemia (serum concentration <2.5 mEq/L) (2) patients exhibiting signs and symptoms of hypokalemia such as electrocardiogram (ECG) changes or muscle spasms or (3) patients unable to tolerate oral therapy. Intravenous supplementation is more dangerous than oral therapy because it is more likely to result in hyperkalemia, thrombophlebitis, and pain at the site of infusion. 

The CNS contains a wide variety of neurotransmitters and high concentrations of receptors. Mechanisms of action of many drugs are often complex combinations of receptor-based actions. Some of the most widely used (and abused) drugs are hypnotics/sedatives, for treatment of insonmia. Barbiturates such as amylo-barbitone have been used for many years, but suffer from side-effects and are addictive. Thiopentone sodium salt (sodium pentothal), however, is very useful as a short-acting intravenous anaesthetic. The benzodiazepines, such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax), are safer drags for insomnia and also can be used for treatment of anxiety and muscle spasms. Zolpidem (Ambien) is a newer and more selective hypnotic. 

A 40-year-old woman taking lithium 1.2 g daily, experienced nausea, diarrhoea, malaise, difficulty concentrating, trembling, an uncertain gait and muscle spasms after trimethoprim 300 mg daily was started her serum-lithium levels appeared to be elevated. She made a good recovery following rehydration. ... 

Ca " concentration, termed hypocalcemia, excitabihty increases. If this condition is not corrected, the symptoms of tetany, ie, muscular spasm, tremor, and even convulsions, can appear. Too great an increase in Ca " concentration, hypercalcemia, may impair muscle function to such an extent that respiratory or cardiac failure may occur. 

The adverse effects of pilocarpine are caused by the induction of miosis. The contraction of the ciliary muscle causes the lens to displace forward, which can lead to accommodation spasm, myopia, and brow ache. Pupillary constriction can also affect night vision. Pilocarpine should be avoided in patients with severe myopia, as it increases the risk of developing retinal detachment. Systemic effects may occur at higher concentrations and include, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bradycardia. 

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