Muscarinic receptors sleep

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M2 subtype modulates the amount of REM sleep. If postsynaptic muscarinic receptors of the M2 subtype contribute to REM sleep generation, then pharmacological manipulation of M2-activated signal transduction cascades would be anticipated to alter REM sleep (1.2 on Fig. 5.1). 

Baghdoyan, H. A. (1997). Location and quantification of muscarinic receptor subtypes in rat pons implications for REM sleep generation. Am. J. Physiol. 273, R896-R904. 

Baghdoyan, H. A., Mallios, V. J Duckrow, R. B. Mash, D. C. (1994). Localization of muscarinic receptor subtypes in brain stem areas regulating sleep. Neuroreport 5, 1631-4. 

Coleman, C. G., Lydic, R. Baghdoyan, H. A. (2004). M2 muscarinic receptors in pontine reticular formation of C57BL/6J mouse contribute to rapid eye movement sleep generation. Neuroscience 126, 821-30. 

Imeri, L., Bianchi, S., Angeli, P. Mancia, M. (1994). Selective blockade of different brain stem muscarinic receptor subtypes effects on the sleep-wake cycle. Brain Res. 636, 68-72. 

Sutin EL, Shiromani PJ, Kelsoe JR Jr, Storch FI, Gillin JC. (1986). Rapid-eye movement sleep and muscarinic receptor binding in rats are augmented during withdrawal from chronic scopolamine treatment. Life Sci. 39(25) 2419-27. 

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Kushida CA, Zoltoski RK, Gillin JC. The expression of ml-m3 muscarinic receptor mRNAs in rat brain following REM sleep deprivation. Neuroreport 1995 6 1705-1708. 

Bourgin P, Ahnaou A, Laporte AM, Hamon M, Adrien J. Rapid eye movement sleep induction by vasoactive intestinal peptide infused into the oral pontine tegmentum of the rat may involve muscarinic receptors. Neuroscience 1999 89 291-302. 

A number of the antihistamines, particularly the phenothi-azines and aminoalkyl ethers, have antiemetic actions and thus may be u.seful in the treatment of nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness. Also, those agents that produce pronounced. sedation have application as nonpiescription sleeping aids." - "Several of the phenothiazines have limited u.se in Parkinson-like syndromes as a result of their ability to block central muscarinic receptors." -And. a number of antihistamines, including promethazine, pyrilamine. tri-pelennamine and diphenhydramine, display local anesthetic activity that may be therapeutically useful. ... 

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are present in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and in the periphery. Their stimulation produces inhibitory responses such as bradycardia and vascular smooth muscle dilatation, and excitatory responses such as ganglionic depolarization and smooth muscle contraction. Muscarinic receptors of the CNS are involved in motor control, temperature and sleep regulation, and in processes including higher cognitive functions such as memory and learning. 

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