Murine protein

Hypersensitivity to any murine proteins or other components of the product. 

Infliximab should not be given to individuals with known hypersensitivity to murine proteins. As with etanercept, precautions for the prevention of serious infections must be taken, and live virus vaccines are contraindicated. 

Contraindications Active internal bleeding, arteriovenous malformation or aneurysm, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) with residual neurologic defect, history of CVA (within the past 2 yr) or oral anticoagulant use within the past 7 days unless PT is less than 1.2 X control, history of vasculitis, hypersensitivity to murine proteins, intracranial neoplasm, prior IV dextran use before or during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), recent surgery or trauma (within the past 6 wk), recent (within the past 6 wk or less) GI or GU bleeding, thrombocytopenia (less than 100,000 cells/pl), and severe uncontrolled hypertension... 

Contraindications Sensitivity to murine proteins, sepsis, serious active infection... 

McKay, R.A. Cummins, L.L. Graham, M.J. Lesnik, E.A. Owens, S.R. Winniman, M. Dean, N.M. Enhanced activity of an antisense oligonucleotide targeting murine protein kinase C-alpha by the incorporation of 2 -0-propyl modifications. Nucleic. Adds. Res. 1996, 24 (3), 411-417. 

Fig. 15.2-1 Ribbon diagram showing the structure of the catalytic domain of murine protein kinase A (PKA) in complex with Mg/ATP (lQ24.pdb). The basic architecture that has been observed in all subsequent kinase domain structures is denoted.

Fig. 15.2-6 I1 H,i5N]-TROSY spectrum of active murine protein kinase A (PKA) with the annotated assignment.

Several hyperlipidemic animal models have been extensively studied these models include the Yoshida and Zucker rats and the heritable hyperlipidemic Watanabe rabbits (WHHL Watanabe 1980 Havel et al. 1982 Lind et al. 1990 Mortensen and Frandsen 1997). More recently, a transgenic mouse has been developed that overexpresses human proteins or underexpresses murine proteins required for cholesterol metabolism. These animal models are not generally used for toxicology studies. 

The cw-isomer of 4-[ F]proline, but not the trans-isomer, is incorporated into murine protein, and only the c/i-isomer is taken up into tumors. This isomer has been studied as a tumor imaging agent, with collagen-rich tumor stmctural proteins being targeted. Initial results with urologic tumors were not promising. Uptake of the L-isomer of cA-4-[ F]proline into brain tumors appeared to be limited to areas where the blood-brain barrier was disrupted. Later studies showed preferential uptake of the D-isomer of cw-4-[ F]proline into the brains of human subjects and apparently this isomerizes in the brain to the L-isomer." This is consistent with previous observations with the enantiomers of proline. 

Fluorohistidine, but not the isomeric 4-fluorohistidine, is a substrate for protein biosynthesis, and is incorporated into bacterial, viral, and mammalian proteins in vitro and in vivo. This difference in behavior may explain in part the fact that the 2-fluoro isomer displays antibacterial, antiviral, and antimalarial activity, while the 4-fluoro isomer is essentially inactive.2-Fluorohistidine also inhibits enzyme induction, presumably as a result of incorporation into protein.Similarly, the dramatic drop in murine leukocyte levels may be related to incorporation of 2-fluorohistidine into murine proteins in vivo. Recent research has exploited the special properties of 2-fluorohistidine to examine the role of histidine residues in the mechanism of anthrax... 

Wilder, C.L. Friedrich, A.D. Potts R.O., Daumy, G.O. Francoeur, M.L. Secondary structural analysis of two recombinant murine proteins, interleukins la and ip Is infrared spectroscopy sufficient to assign structure Biochemistry 1992, 31, 27—31. 

Alemtuzumab (MabCampath ) is also used to target the CDw52 receptor (CAMPATH1 antigen) on B lymphocytes, thus reducing their numbers in cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. It is a humanised antibody where the some of the murine protein in the variable region has been replaced by human protein. 

---