Multiple sensory responses

Hermit crabs are always faced with multiple sensory inputs in their natural environments and seem to be capable to integrate multiple sources of chemical information (Fig. 15.5). Some intrinsic factors of the receiver, such as its shell status (but also its hunger level, reproductive state, etc.), may determine the appropriate responses for a given environmental context these responses may also depend on extrinsic factors, such as resource availability and variability. In essence, the hermit crabs responses to aggregation/alarm cues appear to be particularly complex, as a reflection of the behavioral flexibility that makes the... 

Fishes exist in a complex context-dependent system that is based on multiple sensory inputs that could lead to a number of variable, yet appropriate, anti-predator responses. 

About 80% of MS patients have an episodic form of the disease called relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. An episode typically starts with sensory disturbances, limb weakness, and clumsiness symptoms evolve over several days, stabilize, and then often improve spontaneously or in response to corticosteroids. In the initial phase of the disease, relapses are generally followed by complete or nearly complete clinical recovery. However, persistent signs of CNS dysfunction may develop after a relapse, and the disease... 

Taste of amino acids was studied using the taste sensor [23]. Taste of amino acids has had the large attention so far because each of them elicits complicated mixed taste itself, e.g., L-valine produces sweet and bitter tastes at the same time. Thus, there exist detailed data on taste intensity and taste quality of various amino acids by sensory panel tests [26]. The response of the sensor to amino acids was compared with the results of the panel tests, and response potentials from the eight membranes were transformed into five basic tastes by multiple linear regression. This expression of five basic tastes reproduced human taste sensation very well. 

To have function, pheromones must be produced, detected, and discerned and they must drive a biological response. This requires a specialized nervous system that is highly sensitive to sensory cues. Vertebrates possess multiple, sophisticated chemosensory systems that have become increasingly complex with evolution, giving them the ability to discern complex chemical compounds and mixtures with considerable precision. Because multiple components are often involved and olfactory receptors are not perfectly specific, a type of neural pattern recognition is required.5 12... 

See also Behavioral Toxicology Dose-Response Relationship Exposure Assessment Mixtures, Toxicology and Risk Assessment Multiple Chemical Sensitivities Neurotoxicity Pollution, Air Indoor Psychological Indices of Toxicity Respiratory Tract Sensory Organs. 

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