The Approach to Uncertainty

Russelfi was also of the opinion that (1) all language is vague (and this includes scientific language), (2) there exists a hierarchy of vagueness, 

It is this fact perhaps more than any other that would appear to account for the astonishingly uniform and consistent approach to uncertainty over the past three centuries. Following the studies of the mathematicians Cardan in the seventeenth century and Laplace and Pascal in 

FIGURE 1 An attempted logical typology of uncertainty put forward by Smithson. He proposed starting from the notion of ignorance and divided it into the notions of error and irrelevance, both of which he further subdivided into several other notions. 

FIGURE 2 An attempted classification of uncertainty in the field of artificial intelligence studies put forward by Krause and Clark. This work is c entered on the notion of uncertainty, unlike that of Smithson, who started from ignorance. Uncertainty is divided basically into unary and set-theoretic aspects, i.e., into individual propositions or to sets of propositions. 

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