Multidrug resistance, Mycobacterium

DeBarber A, K Mdluli, M Bosman, L-G Bekker, CE Barry (2000) Ethionamide activation and sensitivity in multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad USA 97 9677-9682. 

Strains of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including streptomycin-resistant strains, are usually susceptible to amikacin. Kanamycin-resistant strains may be cross-resistant to amikacin. The dosage of amikacin for tuberculosis is... 

Ando, H., Mitarai, S., Kondo, Y., Suetake, T., Sekiguchi, J.-I., Kato, S., et al., 2010. Pyrazinamide resistance in multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Japan. Clinical Microbiology and Infection The Official Publication of the European... 

Sriram, D. Yogeeswari, R Dinakaran, M. Thiramurugan, R. Antimycobacterial activity of novel 1-(5-cyclobutyl-l,3-oxazol-2-yl)-3-(sub) phenyl/pyridylthiourea compounds endowed with high activity toward multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2007, 59, 1194-1196. 

A. Carta, M. Palomba, G. Paglietti, P. Molicotti, B. Paglietti, S. Cannas, S. Zanetti, [l,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-h]quinolones. A new class of potent antitubercular agents against multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17 (2007) 4791-4794. 

The advent of multidrug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has led to increased fears of untreatable infections by serious pathogens. Rifampicin, streptomycin and, occasionally, the quinolones are drugs used in the treatment of mycobacterial infections and resistance to those agents is as described previously. There... 

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (TB) The presence of at least 1% of Mycobacterium strains in a bacterial population or culture that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin. 

Epothilones are naturally occurring cytotoxic macrolides, which were initially isolated from a mycobacterium. Their antitumor activity is similar to that of the clinically established taxoids (Taxol, Taxotere), by interrupting the dynamic mechanism of microtubule assembly/disassembly via microtubule stabilization. In contrast to taxoids, epothilones are remarkably efficient against multidrug resistant cells. 

Tortoli E, Dionisio D, Fabbri C. Evaluation of moxifloxacin activity in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including resistant and multidrug-resistant strains./. Chemother., 2004, 14, 334-336. 

Treatment problems that can arise are mainly of two types adverse reactions (collateral, toxic, or hypersusceptibility reactions), and initial or acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, or non-tuberculous mycobacteria to one or more of the antituberculosis drugs. The latter probably only occurs when the patient has not taken the full combination or the full doses of the drugs all the time. Combination formulations are thus particularly useful. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, defined as resistance against at least isoniazid and rifampicin, is the most clinically relevant form of resistance to treatment worldwide. 

In an in vitro susceptibility study of 170 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to fusidic acid, 19 isolates were resistant to at least one first-Une antituberculosis drug (21). In all, 1.8% of the isolates were resistant to fusidic acid. Fusidic acid can be a potential supplementary drug for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. 

Nateche, F., Martin, A., Baraka, S., Palomino, J.C., Khaled, S. and Portaels, F. (2006). Application of the resazurin microtitre assay for detection of multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Algiers. Medical Microbiology, 55 857-860. 

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