Microfluidic three-dimensional

Bettinger CJ, Weinberg EJ, Kulig KM et al (2006) Three-dimensional microfluidic tissueengineering scaffolds using a flexible biodegradable polymer. Adv Mater 18 165-169... 

Anderson J.R., Chiu D.T., Jackman R.J., Chemiavskaya O., McDonald J.C., Wu H.K., Whitesides S.H., Whitesides G.M., Fabrication of topologically complex three-dimensional microfluidic systems in PDMS by rapid prototyping, Anal. Chem. 2000 72 3158-3164. 

Several techniques for miniaturization of simple chemical and medical analysis systems are described. Miniaturization of total analysis systems realizes a small sample volume, a fast response and reduction of reagents. These features are useful in chemical and medical analysis. During the last decade many micro flow control devices, as well as the micro chemical sensors fabricated by three dimensional microfabrication technologies based on photofabrication, termed micromachining, have been developed. Miniaturized total analysis systems (pTAS) have been studied and some prototypes developed. In microfabricated systems, microfluidics , which represent the behavior of fluids in small sized channels, are considered and are very important in the design of micro elements used in pTAS. In this chapter microfluidics applied flow devices, micro flow control devices of active and passive microvalves, mechanical and non-mechanical micropumps and micro flow sensors fabricated by micromachining are reviewed. 

FIGURE 5.14 (a) Schematic of a three-dimensional gated-injection separation device consisting of two crossed microfluidic channels with a PCTE membrane interconnect, (b) Electrical bias configurations for active electrokinetic injection control. (Right) Nanocapillary array gated injections. (Left) Main channel separations [591]. Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society. 

Kuo, T.C., Cannon, D.M., Jr., Shannon, M.A., Bohn, P.W., Sweedler, J.V., Hybrid three-dimensional nanofluidic/microfluidic devices using molecular gates, Sensors Actuators A 2003, 102, 223-233. 

Hofmann, O., Viorin, G., Niedermann, P., Manz, A., Three-dimensional microfluidic confinement for efficient sample delivery to biosensor surfaces. Application to immunoassays on planar optical waveguides. Anal. Chem. 2002,74, 5243-5250. 

Tan, W., Desai, T.A., Layer-by-layer microfluidics for biomimetic three-dimensional structures. Biomaterials 2004, 25, 1355-1364. 

Chiu, D.T., et al.. Patterned deposition of cells and proteins onto surfaces by using three-dimensional microfluidic systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97 (6), 2408-2413. 

Figure 5 (a) Top view of the microfluidic well plate for high-throughput solid/liquid separations. (b) Three-dimensional shape of the cavities, (c) Side view of one cavity. The narrow channel between source- and target-well allows passage of liquid, but does not allow passage of the solid-sample component (gel spot)... 

R. Scott, P. Sethu and C. K. Harnett, Three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing in a microfluidic Coulter cormter. Rev. Sci. Instr., 79, 046104 (2008). 

Three-dimensional machining (or 3D photopolymerization or stereolithography) gives the possibility to make objects, even with complex forms, for prototyping applications. A laser beam is used for the excitation. Creating 3D microscale structures for microelectromechanical, microoptics and microfluidic applications requires to use high peak power laser pulses allowing a multiphoton (typically two photon) of the photoinitiator at the focal point. 

Mao X, Waldeisen JR, Huang TJ (2007) Microfluidic drifting -implementing three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing with a single-layer planer mlcrofluldlc device. Lab Chip 7 1260-1262... 

Gambin Y, Simonnet C, VanDelinder V, Deniz A, Groisman A (2010) Ultrafast microfluidic mixer with three-dimensional flow focusing for studies of biochemical kinetics. Lab Chip 10 598-609... 

Mao X, Lin S, Dong C, Huang T (2009) Single-layer planar on-chip flow cytometer using microfluidic drifting based three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic focusing. Lab Chip 9( 11) ... 

Vijayendran R, Motsegood K, Beebe D, Leckband D (2003) Evaluation of a three-dimensional micromixer in a surface-based biosensorf. Langmuir 19(5) 1824-1828 Lin Y, Gerfen G, Rousseau D, Yeh S (2003) Ultrafast microfluidic mixer and freezequenching device. Anal Chem 75(20) 5381-5386... 

D- FCCS Three-dimensional microfluidic cell culture system... 

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