Multi-cycle operations

List scheduling, with constraints on the number of functional units, chaining, multi-cycle operations, and support for pipelined functional units. 

Behavioral Synthesis assigns operations to a clock cycle based on the delay of the operations and the clock period. If the delay through a single operation exceeds the clock period then the Behavioral synthesis tool will automatically make it a multi-cycle operation and not chain any additional operations with the multicycle operation. Alternatively, one can inferring pipelined components from the DW library. For example, Synopsys provided DW libraries have pipelined multipliers with different number of pipelined stages. These can be inferred when the delay though the... 

BC accepts both VHDLand Verilog. The behavioral HDL description is converted to an intermediate database, the Synopsys db format. In effect, an HDL written at higher level of abstraction is converted to multiple RTL implementations using behavioral synthesis. All the information about constraints and multi-cycle operations are... 

The CVLS algorithm can handle multi-cycle and chaining operations with minor modification. The chaining and multi-cycle operations are automatically determined by the relation between their delay and cycle period. When node is a multi-cycle operation, its ACV a should be added to FUV in step i +1 as well as that in step i. In case that node n,- is a chaining operation, the way to make ready should be modified. The chaining and multi-cycle operation are defined in a constraint file. 

Operation chaining is achieved by extending the time frame of operations into the previous (or next) control-step when the combined [x-opa tion delays (added to the latch and estimated interconnect delays) of the chained operations are less than the clock cycle. Multi-cycle operations are supported with a straightforward extension [5] of the single cycle methodology presented here. 

Physical, thermal, and chemical stability in order to reduce operating costs, solid sorbents must demonstrate stability under flue gas conditions, adsorption operation conditions, and during the multi-cycle adsorption-regeneration process. In particular, stability in the presence of water vapor is essential for the sustainable performance of the solid sorbent. In addition to thermal properties of the solid sorbent, heat capacity and thermal conductivity are also important in heat transfer operations. 

For safety reasons, the cycling operation is interrupted during the weekend. After an interruption, always happening at the end of a discharge phase, several cycles are necessary to join the continuous curve representative of the evolution of the behaviour of the tank. This phenomenon tends to demonstrate the importance of the kinetics of the multi-component adsorption equilibrium in the case of a complex mixture of gas. 

Batch or semi-batch reactors can be simulated as stand-alone or coupled with a continuous process. Specification may include cycle operation with buffer tanks, as well as reactions in single and multi-phases. 

The "Cyclophorase" System. Besides the electron transport chain and the system for ATP production, the mitochondria also contain the citrate cycle. A few of its enzymes may be found in the cytoplasm, but the intact cycle operates only within the mitochondria. Green has called this multi-enzyme system cyclophorase. It is no accident that the citrate cycle and the respiratory chain are in such close proximity, because the citrate cycle can ojierate continuously only when NADH2 is reoxidized through the respiratory chain. 

From diese various estimates, die total batch cycle time t(, is used in batch reactor design to determine die productivity of die reactor. Batch reactors are used in operations dial are small and when multiproducts are required. Pilot plant trials for sales samples in a new market development are carried out in batch reactors. Use of batch reactors can be seen in pharmaceutical, fine chemicals, biochemical, and dye industries. This is because multi-product, changeable demand often requues a single unit to be used in various production campaigns. However, batch reactors are seldom employed on an industrial scale for gas phase reactions. This is due to die limited quantity produced, aldiough batch reactors can be readily employed for kinetic studies of gas phase reactions. Figure 5-4 illustrates die performance equations for batch reactors. 

It s more likely these days that you will be using a 250 or 400 MHz Fourier transform instrument with multi-nuclei capability. If such an instrument is operating in walk up mode so that it can acquire >60 samples in a working day, then it will probably be limited to about 32 scans per sample (a handy number - traditionally, the number of scans acquired has always been a multiple of eight but we won t go into the reasons here. If you want more information, take a look at the term phase cycling in one of the excellent texts available on the more technical aspects of NMR). This means that for straightforward... 

Smooth scale-ups from R D laboratory or bench scale to pilot scale and then to commercial size batch-operated, multi-purpose chemical plants are often not easy to achieve for a variety of reasons, often resulting from compromises due to the need to use existing equipment. The consequences of this lack of scalability can be a reduction in product quality and yield, increased by-product formation, longer cycle times, and, in some cases, an inability to reproduce key product properties such as color, size, or crystal structure. These consequences invariably result in an increased use of mass and energy and a production of greater waste per unit mass of product. 

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