Mucoid substances

Gupta, B. L. (1989). The relationship of mucoid substances and ion and water transport, with new data on intestinal goblet cells and a model for gastric secretion. In Mucus and Related Topics, eds. Chantler, E. and Ratcliffe, N. A., The Company of Biologists, Cambridge, pp. 81-110. 

Steiner, K., Mucoid substances and cutaneous connective tissue in dermatoses II. Mucoid alterations in degenerative and congenital dermatoses. ]. Invest. Dermatol. 28, 403-418 (1957). 

Northcote, D. H. Carbohydrates and Mucoid Substances, in "The Separation of Biological Materials, Brit. Med. Bull. 22, 180 (1966) (Partition, thin-layer, gas-liquid, absorption, and ion-exchange chromatographies electrophoresis gel filtration and fractional precipitation),... 

Bone is composed of two major structural elements the fundamental substance and the cell. The fundamental substance includes collagen fibrils, an amorphous mucoid substance—the ossein, and calcium salts. At least three types of cells are found in bone tissues osteoblasts, osteocytes, and the osteoclasts. 

The increased concentration of total hexosamine is more marked in white than in grey matter. Values three times normal have been described and are mainly due to mucoid substances such as mucopolysaccharides (Hagberg et al. 1960) and glycosamino-glycans (Svennerholm 1963), while lipid-hexosamine is only slightly increased. 

Chondroitin sulfate could be separated from the chondromucoid. It remained in solution at pH 7 when chondromucoid was shaken with chloroform - amyl alcohol, whereas a second carbohydrate component (possibly keratosulfate or a closely related substance) remained with the protein fraction (4). Electrophoretic studies of chondromucoid show that the components associate in one kind of complex over the pH range 5 to 9 and that a different type of complex occurs below pH 4.85 (71). Shatton and Schubert (7 ) found both chondromucoid and free chondroitin sulfate in the extracts of bovine nasal cartilage the mucoid was extracted first. Protein denaturants did not separate the protein portion of the mucoid. The protein was not collagen (72). Since hyaluronic acid does not appear to... 

Morner isolated two water-soluble glycoproteins (called urinary mucoids) from urine by alcohol precipitation, redissolution, and precipitation with chloroform in the presence of acetic acid 4)- Interest in these substances was stimulated by the isolation of a purified urinary glycoprotein which proved to be a strong inhibitor of the hemagglutination by influenza virus and similar viruses 82, 83). Sialic acid (see below) is said to be removed from the glycoprotein by the virus. 

At least two species of sialic acid, V-acetyl- and N-glycolylneura-minic acids, have been identified in poultry serum, together with a very small amount of a third species, possibly A, 0-diacetylneuraminic acid (Faillard and Cabezas, 1%3 Dzulynska f u/., 1%9). The nest-cement-ing substance of the Chinese swiftlet, collocalia mucoid, is a glycoprotein containing V-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid (Kathan and Weeks, 1969). 

---