Motors and Machine Parts

The combination of thermal stability and dielectric performance makes PEN an attractive electrical insulator in electrical motors. Motors with high operating temperatures, such as hermetically sealed refrigerator motors and business machines, need films that are resistant to shrinking and retain nonconducting properties at high temperatures. 

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Tellurium—copper alloys are recommended for situations demanding a high production rate with no significant sacrifice in conductivity. These alloys can be soldered, brazed, or welded without incurring embrittlement. They are used in vacuum applications, forgings, screw-machine parts, welding-torch tips, transistor bases, semiconductor heat sinks, electrical connectors (qv), motor and switch parts, and nuts, bolts, and studs. Addition of tellurium significantly improves the surface of machined parts. 

Uses motor and switch parts, electrical connectors, screw-machine parts, electrical instrument parts. 

The mechanical seal on the radiator water pump of your car has to work under severe conditions. This seal must resist the pressures and temperatures, corresponding to the velocities of the motor, and the variable operating times. This seal is not a precision seal (it has stamped parts rather than machined components) and the pump is a portable pump. The pump doesn t use a direct coupling but a v-belt pulley with radial loading. The seal must resist many vibrations commencing with the v-belt slapping and whipping. 

Plant falling within this description includes everything from small fractional horse-power motors and their driven components to the major steam or gas turbine and their generators from small printing machines to complete continuous process lines such as may be found in steel production. In addition, this category would include any item which incorporates either static or moving electrical or mechanical parts. 

Gas turbines are usually started by a DC motor or an air motor. Either system is available for most turbines up to about 20 MW. Occasionally AC motors are used. Beyond 20 MW, when heavy industrial machines tend to be used, it becomes more practical to use air motors or even diesel engine starters. DC motors require a powerful battery system. The DC motor and battery systems tend to be more reliable and less space consuming, which is important for offshore systems. Air motors require air receivers and compressors. The compressors require AC motors or diesel engines. Air start and diesel start systems are more popular for onshore plants especially remote plants, e.g. in the desert. This is partly due to the fact that batteries tend to suffer from poor maintenance in hot, dry locations. Air systems require regular maintenance and must be kept fully charged in readiness for a quick start. Air system receivers can become very large if more than three successive starting attempts are required. More starts can probably be obtained by a battery system that occnpies the same physical space. 

IEC60085 and IEC60034 part 1 describe the limitations placed on materials used inside motors (and other electrical equipment). Most electrical machines with air or gas as the cooling medium use Class B or F solid insulation material. Where the environment is harsh, and high ambient temperatures occur, then it is advisable to specify Class F insulation materials but with a restriction of Class B temperature rise. Such a specification will inherently increase the mean time to failure of the materials since they will be less stressed. 

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