Mosander, Carl

Molecular dynamics, 283,285,296, 298 Molten-salt flux synthesis, 392 Monoclinic, 111 Mono-metallofullerenes, 124 Mosander, Carl Gustaf, 6 Mosandrum, 7 Moseley, Henry, 54 Moseley s law, 4... 

Carl Gustav Mosander isolated yttrium from the ore. 

Carl Gustav Mosander (1797-1858) The yttrium ore analyzed by Johan Gadolin (1760-1852) in 1794 and the cerium ore discovered by Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848) in 1803 were thought to be the same... 

Lanthanum (La, [Xe]5 / 6.s 2), name and symbol after the Greek name XavOdvciv (lanthanein, to lie hidden). Discovered (1839) by Carl Gustaf Mosander. Silvery white metal. 

This leads to the question of who should be considered the ultimate discoverer of a chemical element Should it be the first person to describe the initial properties, the one who found the oxide or the metal, the one who separated the element or the first one to publish their results On the matter of publication, the Swedish chemist Jons Jacob Berzelius published an annual review (equivalent to our present abstract service) during the early nineteenth century. Berzelius usually cited articles published in other journals, but he also reported on the work in his laboratory which had not yet been published. This enabled his assistant Carl-Gustav Mosander to receive early credit for work that Mosander chose not to formally publish until many years later after he had worked out all of the details. In the element review, we shall see that the answer to the above questions would be any of the above criteria could qualify for discovery of particular elements. 

Erbium - the atomic number is 68 and the chemical symbol is Er. The name derives from the Swedish town of Ytterby (about 3 miles from Stockholm), where the ore gadolinite (in which it was found) was first mined. It was discovered by the Swedish surgeon and chemist Carl-Gustav Mosander in 1843 in an yttrium sample. He separated the yttriiom into yttrium, a rose colored salt... 

Terbium - the atomic number is 65 and the chemical symbol is Tb. The name derives from the village of Ytterby in Sweden, where the mineral ytterbite (the source of terbium) was first found. It was discovered by the Swedish surgeon and chemist Carl-Gustav Mosander in 1843 in an yttrium salt, which he resolved into three elements. He called one yttrium, a rose colored salt he called terbium and a deep yellow peroxide he called erbium. The chemist Berlin detected only two earths in yttrium, i.e., yttrium and the rose colored oxide he called erbium. In 1862, the Swiss chemist Marc Delafontaine reexamined yttrium and found the yellow peroxide. Since the name erbium had now been assigned to the rose colored oxide, he initially called the element mosandrum (after Mosander) but he later reintroduced the name terbium for the yellow peroxide. Thus the original names given to erbium and terbium samples are now switched. Since Bunsen spectroscopically examined Mosander s erbium (now terbium) sample and declared that it was a mixture, the question of who actually discovered terbium, Mosander or Delafontaine remains unresolved to this day. 

Cerium was the first rare-earth element discovered, and its discovery came in 1803 by Jons Jakob Berzelius in Vienna. Johann Gadohn (1760—1852) also studied some minerals that were different from others known at that time. Because they were different from the common earth elements but were all very similar to each other, he named them rare-earth elements. However, he was unable to separate or identify them. In the 1800s only two rare-earths were known. At that time, they were known as yttria and ceria. Carl Gustav Mosander (1797—1858) and several other scientists attempted to separate the impurities in these two elements. In 1839 Mosander treated cerium nitrate with dilute nitric acid, which yielded a new rare-earth oxide he called lanthanum. Mosander is credited with its discovery. This caused a change in the periodic table because the separation produced two new elements. Mosander s method for separating rare-earths from a common mineral or from each other led other chemists to use... 

A stone quarry near the town of Ytterby in Sweden produces a large number of rare-earth elements. Carl Gustaf Mosander (1797-1858) discovered several rare-earths, including the rare-earth mineral gadolinite in this quarry in 1843. He was able to separate gadolinite into three separate, but closely related, rare-earth minerals that he named yttria (which was colorless), erbia (yellow color), and terbia (rose-colored). From these minerals, Mosander identified two new rare-earth elements, terbium and erbium. The terbia that was found was really a compound of terbium terbium oxide (Tb O )... 

In the 1800s chemists searched for new elements by fractionating the oxides of rare-earths. Carl Gustaf Mosander s experiments indicated that pure ceria ores were actually contaminated with oxides of lanthanum, a new element. Mosander also fractionated the oxides of yttria into two new elements, erbium and terbium. In 1878 J. Louis Soret (1827—1890) and Marc Delafontaine (1837-1911), through spectroscopic analysis, found evidence of the element holmium, but it was contaminated by the rare-earth dysprosia. Since they could not isolate it and were unable to separate holmium as a pure rare-earth, they did not receive credit for its discovery. 

Carl Gustaf Mosander, a Swedish chemist, successfully separated two rare-earths from a sample of lanthanum found in the mineral gadolinite. He then tried the same procedure with the rare-earth yttria. He was successful in separating this rare-earth into three separate rare-earths with similar names yttia, erbia, and terbia. For the next 50 years scientists confused these three elements because of their similar names and very similar chemical and physical properties. Erbia and terbia were switched around, and for some time the two rare-earths were mixed up. The confusion was settled ostensibly in 1877 when the chemistry profession had the final say in the matter. However, they also got it wrong. What we know today as erbium was originally terbium, and terbium was erbium. 

Ytterbium is a silvery, soft, malleable, and ductile metal with a lustrous metallic shine. It is slightly reactive in air or water at room temperatures. Ytterbium is located next to last of the rare-earths in the lanthanide series. It slowly oxidizes as it reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere, forming a somewhat duller coating. Ytterbium was the first rare-earth to be discovered by Carl Gustof Mosander in 1843. More of it exists in the Earths crust than once was believed. 

Erbium Er 1842-43 (Stockholm, Sweden) Carl Mosander (Swedish) 297... 

Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander Silvery, reactive, malleable first of the rare earth elements, whose added electrons are hidden in their atoms interiors as a compound used in high-intensity lighting. 

Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander Found in the minerals xenotime and euxerite of which it is an impurity soft and malleable metal has few uses other than in inexpensive glass and jewelry. 

The element was discovered in 1843 by Carl Gustav Mosander. He determined that the oxide, known as yttria, was actually a mixture of at least three rare earths which he named as yttria—a colorless oxide, erbia— a yellow oxide, and terbia— a rose-colored earth. Mosander separated these three oxides by fractional precipitation with ammonium hydroxide. Pure terbia was prepared by Urbain in 1905. The element was named terbium for its oxide, terbia, which was named after the Swedish town, Ytterby. 

Carl Gustav Mosander, 1797-1858. Swedish army surgeon, chemist, and mineralogist. Curator of the mineral collections at the Stockholm Academy of Sciences. Professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the Caroline Institute. Discoverer of lanthana and didymia. The latter earth was afterward split by Auei von Welsbach into praseodymia and neodymia... 

Sept. 10, 1797 Birth of Carl Gustav Mosander, the discoverer of lanthanum and didymium, at Kalmar, Sweden. 

When the Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander discovered lanthanum in 1839, he had no idea what he had started. He extracted it as its oxide - an earth - from cerium nitrate. Mosander s colleague Berzelius suggested the name, from the Greek... 

Lanthanum La 57 Carl Mosander Sweden Greek word "lanthanein" meaning "to lie hidden"... 

Terbium Tb 65 Carl Mosander Sweden "Ytterby", a town in Sweden... 

---