Mortar Island

In Curacao, the major island of the Netherlands Antilles with a population of 130,000 inhabitants, distilled seawater from the water plant was used without further purification for hemodialysis for several decades. Unfortunately, two months before the planned installation of a water treatment system including a reversed osmosis (RO) in the dialysis center Diatel, a new distribution pipe supplying water to a dialysis center on the island was installed in 1996. To protect it from corrosion, this pipe was lined on the inside with a cement mortar. Because of the aggressiveness of the distilled water, calcium and Al leached from the cement mortar into the water used to prepare dialysate. At the time of replacement of the new conduit pipe, 29 patients were dialyzed in the dialysis unit. Patients were dialyzed three times per week during 3.5 to 4.5 hours using hollow fiber kidneys (Fresenius, F6 and F8). Untreated tap... 

The relatively static nature of the battle for the perimeter around Empress Augusta Bay eased the problem of maintenance. On the coral rock soil of Arundel, Company B had broken five base plates, bent five or six tie rods, and cracked several barrel cups and base plate spades. On Bougainville, despite the heavy and continuous fire, the softer ground and the fact that time was available to construct adequate emplacements resulted in a minimum of damage to mortar parts. The torrential rains, high humidity, and intense heat of South Pacific islands created serious problems both in the maintenance of mortar shell and its... 

Company D landed in the ninth wave on Red Beach, Angaur Island, on 17 September and supported the zzd Infantry in the Solome Lake and Ramanantelo Hill areas. Attached to division artillery, the platoons fired under the direction of artillery air observers. Captured Japanese documents referred to the 4.2-inch as "that high caliber mortar, while supported infantry commanders reported that the weapon caused heavy enemy casualties. 

On the morning of 19 February 1945 the 4th and 5th Marine Divisions landed on the beaches of the island of Iwo Jima in the face of the heaviest enemy beach resistance since Tarawa. The bombardment of the island that preceded the attack was the heaviest of the Pacific war, one that benefited from the experiences of the island assaults that had taken place before. Three of the five mortar units, Numbers i, 2, and 5, took part in the actual assault phase. 

Most physical models in tsunami studies consist of scaled offshore bathymetry and a shoreline to simulate a beach, island, or coastal structure such as a breakwater or seawall. The models are usually fixed bed since sediment transport issues are not considered. The fixed bed model is typically constructed using templates and sand with a thin mortar cap or veneer. If a movable bed is used, then scahng issues become a concern since it is difficult to properly scale both the sediment and the model with the same scale factor. Sediment grains can be minimized only so much before changing from noncohesive (i.e., sand) to cohesive behavior (i.e., mud). 

In an art context, feldspars are found in sedimentary deposits such as ochres, kaolin (qq.v.) and clays. They can therefore occur as relict grains in artists materials based on these, they are found in particular as components of pottery of all ages as identified, for example, by Uda et al. (2000), Wopenka et al. (2002), Traore et al. (2000), Criado et al. (2002) and Shoval (1994). Feldspars have also been identified by S ichez-Moral et al. (2002) as present in cream mortars used in the cave site at Gaidar (Grand Canary Island). See individual feldspar entries for further details of uses as pigments. 

During tlie progress of operations unRhode Island, many experiments were made with mortars exposed in the air giving, in some cases, results quite interesting. The results are too limited in number and restricted in variety, to justify the deduction of general principles still they afford some hints that may be deemed worthy of being followed up. 

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