Morphology factor

The viscosity range of CN products can be adjusted in advance by choosing the starting cellulose with an appropriate degree of polymerization (DP). A study of the different celluloses examined the impact of various cellulose properties, such as morphological factors (percent crystallinity, fiber length, and distribution), chemical composition (DP, ash content), and hemiceUulose and lignin content, on the nitration behaviors of cellulose (55). 

Several of these morphological factors are illustrated in Figure 1. Figure lA is of the fat portion of bacon and has been stained for connective tissue. It is noted that fat tissue is not all lipid but has an extensive connective tissue component ranging from fairly thick layers to delicate layers defining each adipose cell. Figure IB is from a finely chopped emulsion. Connective tissue pieces are stained dark, the protein matrix is gray and the... 

The data of Table II indicate that the etch rates for CB and its "homologues"—TP, CO (or TO), and EPM—tend to increase monotonically with a decrease in vinylene (-CH=CH-) unsaturation. The elastomeric EPM was chosen instead of crystalline polyethylene as a model for the fully saturated CB to avoid a morphology factor in etch rates, as was observed with crystalline TB. The difference in etch rates for the partially crystalline TO and the elastomeric CO (ratio of about 1.2 1.0) is attributable more to a morphology difference between these polyoctenamers than to the difference in their cis/trans content. Cis/trans content had likewise no perceptible effect on etch rates in the vinyl-containing polybutadienes (see Table I) if there was a small effect, it was certainly masked by the dominant effect of the vinyl groups. 

In addition to temperature and concentration, diffusion in polymers can be influenced by the penetrant size, polymer molecular weight, and polymer morphology factors such as crystallinity and cross-linking density. These factors render the prediction of the penetrant diffusion coefficient a rather complex task. However, in simpler systems such as non-cross-linked amorphous polymers, theories have been developed to predict the mutual diffusion coefficient with various degrees of success [12-19], Among these, the most notable are the free volume theories [12,17], In the following subsection, these free volume based theories are introduced to illustrate the principles involved. 

Claude P [1978] Morphological factors influencing transepithelial permeability a model for the resistance of the zonula occludens. 1 Membr Biol 39 219-232... 

M. Nieto-Sampedro, R.P. Saneto, J. de Vellis and C.W. Cotman, The control of glial populations in brain changes in astrocyte mitogenic and morphologic factors in response to injury, Brain Res. 343 (1985) 320-328. 

From such studies it has become apparent that amorphous materials which show significant uptake of carbon dioxide have polar groups such as COOR, -CN, S=0 and Ph-0 in their structure. Thus, in addition to the morphology factor, the polarity of a polymer is crucial in determining the solubility of carbon dioxide. 

In the early 1960 s Saunders and Frisch proposed a colloidal-chemical mechanism of open-cell formation in oligomeric foams. Later, Rossmy et al. formulated a physical mechanism of cell opening due to the effect of water vapor see Chap. 5.3). The data presented in this section explain the formation of open cells on the basis of morphological factors taking into account the type of packing of gas bubbles in oligomeric foams. 

In the first part, emphasis will be put on the linear optical properties of dielectric media doped with noble metal nanoparticles. Indeed, the study of the linear response is definitely needed to further explore the nonlinear one. We will then introduce the fundamentals of the theoretical tools required to understand why and how people inquire into the third-order nonlinear properties of nanocomposite materials. In the second part, experimental results will be presented by first examining the different nonlinear optical phenomena which have been observed in these media. We will then focus on the nanoparticle intrinsic nonlinear susceptibility before analysing the influence of the main morphological factors on the nonlinear optical response. The dependence of the latter on laser characteristics will finally be investigated, as well as the crucial role played by different thermal effects. 

Oda T, Akaike T, Hamamoto T, Suzuki F, Hirano T, and Maeda H, Relationships between water quahty, morphological factors in river basins, the diversity index and the biotic index. Environ. Technol. 1991 12 1147-1155. 

Hoppe H, Glatzel T, Niggemann M, Schwinger W, Schaeffler F, Hinsch A, Lux-Steiner MC, Sariciftci NS (2006) Efficiency limiting morphological factors of MDMO-PPV PCBM plastic solar cells. Thin Solid Films 511-512 587... 

There are many options to control the degradation rate of PLA and PGA. Such degradation is influenced by chemical composition and degree of crystallinity. Thus, a list of chemi-cal/morphological factors that can be used to engineer the... 

The use of dielectric spectroscopy for the characterization of living cells and the possible derivation of cellular parameters such as living ceU volume concentration (Figure 4.14), complex permittivity of extracellular and intracellular media, and morphological factors is discussed by Gheorghiu (1996). Another possible application is the electrical measurement of erythrocyte deformability (Amoussou-Guenou et al., 1995). 

The stability parameter, — which is a morphological factor, assumes values 1 ... 

Influence of Mycelium—The Morphology Factors ( Apparent Morphology )... 

Table 6.2. Comparison of different morphology factors and approaches to bio-rheology. ... 

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