Monoclonal antibodies species selection

This approach appears somewhat irrational and without much scientific merit, since many of these new molecules are minimally toxic or nontoxic by this sort of acute evaluation. As in the case of interferons or monoclonal antibodies, the toxic effects observed in humans might not be predicted from safety assessments in rodents. An appropriate test species should be selected. Is the rat or mouse the appropriate species to evaluate a species-specific rDNA protein such as human growth hormone or interferons, or would nonhuman primates be more suitable Does the nonhuman primate really offer any advantages There is some consensus that the nonhuman primate may be a more appropriate species for testing some rDNA human proteins. 

Tissue Cross-Reactivity Studies for Monoclonal Antibodies Predictive Value and Use for Selection of Relevant Animal Species for Toxicity Testing... 

All of the processes and considerations described for polyclonal antibody production are also relevant to monoclonal antibody production. The only variation between the two, with respect to the the immunization process, is species selection. Monoclonal antibodies are most commonly produced in mice because of the commercial availability of mouse myeloma cells that are particularly suited as partner cells in hybridoma preparation (discussed below). 

Following initial receptor-mediated binding, toxin molecules insert into the apical membrane of columnar epidielial cells, and become resistant to proteases and monoclonal antibodies [91]. Toxin insertion subsequently induces formation of a nonspecific pore in the target membrane. Voltage-clamping studies of lipid bilayers [92 and the midgut sections [93,94 support the Actional role of toxin in pore formation. The size and selectivity of the formed pore varies with toxins and insect species, but the nature of these pores is still controversial. Alternatively, it is described as a non-specific pore that has no ion selectivity or as an ion-specific chaimel that disrupts the membrane potential [5]. 

Primates may be needed when it becomes clearer that the parameters of interest (hematology, blood chemistry, histopathology, etc.) can only be studied in species that are phylogenetically closer to H. sapiens. This is often the case when candidate drugs are proteins (e.g. animal-derived monoclonal antibodies), and antibody formation may be major issue and may dictate the choice of species. For example, it may be known that only the chimpanzee does not develop neutralizing antibodies to the drug, which would lead one to select that species as the nonclinical model. 

The selectivity of immunosensors for steroid analytes is achieved with the use of appropriately selected monoclonal antibodies. The carbon working electrode provides a suitable surface for passive adsorption of proteins, and can therefore be tailored with an appropriate antibody, so that it will act as an immunoactive surface upon which an immunoaffinity assay can be performed an electrochemical signal can then be generated by monitoring the production of an electroactive species at the underlying electrode surface. We and other workers have found that to retain maximum monoclonal antibody activity, it is desirable to use a primary antibody (rabbit IgG), which serves both to capture (e.g., from a culture medium) and to orientate the mAb. Hence this approach... 

In contrast, monoclonal antibodies consist of only one protein species and are produced by cell culture. Hence, monoclonal antibodies can be considered to be pure chemical compounds (to a first approximation). The respective clones (cell lines) can be cultured indefinitely and can be stored for quite a long time by freezing in liquid nitrogen. Unfortunately, the generation and production of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) is much more difficult and expensive than that of polyclonal antibodies (Pabs). There is an important misunderstanding in this respect, which should be mentioned here. It is definitely not true that polyclonal antibodies are less selective or show lower afSnity than monoclonal ones. On the contrary, polyclonal antibodies often show a better performance than monoclonal... 

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