Monoclonal antibodies characteristics, Table

Immunohistochemical detection of wild-type and mutant p53 proteins can be carried out in fresh-frozen as well as formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. This is best accomplished by using antigen retrieval with microwave heating or other types of heating such as autoclaving. A number of monoclonal antibodies are commercially available, the characteristics and sources of which are listed in Tables 10.3 and 10.4 and on pages 50-51. 

Table 3.6 Comparison of pharmacokinetic characteristics between traditional small-molecule drugs and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.

The characteristics and uses of monoclonal antibodies are listed in Table 2.12, and their applications are discussed in greater detail in the following chapters. 

Tissue treatment volumes of the substance being infused are a strong function of the tissue elimination half-life, which reflects the sum of both metabolic and micro vascular tissue clearances. Table 9.2 summarizes how this treatment volume and associated penetration distance varies with the characteristic tissue elimination half-life of the infused species. Various elimination half-lives were used for these simulations and an infusion rate of 3 pL/min into brain for 12 hours was assumed. For the extreme case of a macromolecule undergoing no metabolism, the treatment volume is 27 cm, with a penetration distance of 1.9 cm. For a more realistic tissue elimination half-life, as might be encountered with weakly binding monoclonal antibodies or stabilized analogs of somatostatin or enkephalin peptides, this volume and the distance, respectively, decrease only to 14 cm and 1.5 cm. 

The most characteristic features of monoclonal antibodies are their low blood clearance and prolonged elimination half-life. It has been demonstrated for both intact mABs and fragments that clearance is inversely related to molecular size (Table 32.2) (10,11). Detailed investigations have been undertaken to explore the specific Ig structures that may be affect clearance and half-life. In particular, the Fc receptor, FcRn, has been shown to play an important role in determining Ig half-life, and specific sequences in the Ch2 and Ch3 regions of IgG regulate clearance rate through their interaction with FcRn (12). 

Monoclonal Antibodies Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have the potential advantage of high specificity, since they can be developed for interaction with a single molecule. Humanization of murine monoclonal antibodies has reduced the likelihood of formation of neutralizing antibodies and of immune reactions. Characteristics of some currently available MAbs are shown in Table 56-3. 

We have synthesized and/or studied the reactivity of three series of lysine- and cysteine-targeted metallo-carbonyl complexes with several proteins including BSA, a monoclonal anti-TSH antibody and avidin. Their properties and the IR characteristics of the labeled proteins are gathered in Table 6.2. 

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