Monkey eating

This may shed some light on some recent controversy. A group of behavioural ecologists discovered that among lions, the principle of reciprocity seemed not to hold. That , it was claimed, throws a monkey wrench into the classic explanation for the evolution of cooperation in a selfish, dog-eat-dog (or lion-eat-gazelle) world (see Morell, 1995). 

Free-living primates respond to plant chemistry black-and-white colobus monkeys, Colobus polykomos, avoid plant leaves with alkaloids, biflavonoids, and milky latex and prefer to eat leaves with a better ratio of nutrients to digestion inhibitors (McKey et al, 1981). The howler monkey, Alouatta palUata, a generalist herbivore, depends on more than one factor in its choice... 

Species Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey long-tailed macaque crab-eating macaque) Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset)... 

By the end of the 19th century, however, it had already become clear that cocaine was quite addictive. (In later experiments, monkeys allowed to self-administer cocaine will do so to the exclusion of all other activities, including eating.) Cocaine addiction began to be feamred as a social problem—it was often associated with ugly racial stereotypes in the assertion that it made Negroes crazy and prone to robbery and rape. 

Dogs, wolves, tigers, lions, cats and bears, on the other hand, are all characterized by meat-eating structures, and for this are grouped together in the order Carnivora. Animals like bats, monkeys and whales are classified in quite different orders and yet they share with... 

Hendrickx AG. The sensitive period and malformation syndrome produced by thalidomide in crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J Med Primatol 1973 2 267-76. 

Macaws, tapirs, howler monkeys and other animals eat clay, presumably for adsorbing toxins in their food. Macaws eat more clay during the dry season when they have to rely more on seeds with their potentially harmful secondary plant metabolites. They even feed their nestlings clay before they venture outside the nest cavity (Brightsmith 2002). 

The most famous macaques are the rhesus monkey of India, Nepal, and China the Japanese monkey of Japan and the crab-eating or long-tailed macaques of Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. All of these play an important part in the cultural history of their countries, and all are well represented in folktales, dance, drama, and religious beliefs. Also well-known in popular literature is the Barbary ape, properly called the Barb ary macaque in North Africa and Gibraltar, and the Celebes ape, properly called the Celebes macaque, of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Both species were incorrectly called apes because their small stub-tails make them appear tailless, and in the case of the Celebes macaques, their black coats give them the appearance of small chimpanzees. 

Ecologically, macaques live in a great variety of habitats from tropical rainforests of southeast Asia, to the agricultural plains of northern India, the deserts of Rajasthan, the arid mountains of Pakistan and Afghanistan, and even temperate snow-capped mountains of Japan, northern China, Nepal, and Morocco. Several species are also conspicuous commensal inhabitants of villages, temples, towns, and cities in Asia, especially the rhesus monkey in India and Nepal, the Japanese monkey, and the crab-eating monkey of southeast Asia and Indonesia. One species alone, the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, is both a close commensal associate of human populations in the crowded cities of India, and an inhabitant of cool pine forests in northern India. 

There are two species of squirrel monkeys, the smallest of the New World monkeys. The common squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus) lives throughout most of South America s rain forest region. The red-backed squirrel monkey (5. oerstedii) occurs only in Panama and Costa Rica in the middle levels of the forest, where they eat primarily fruit, though they also use their narrow, sharply pointed teeth to devour small insects. Some authorities regard the red-backed squirrel monkey as a subspecies of the common squirrel monkey. 

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