Monitoring - meaning

Lateral diffusion coefficients were determined by monitoring mean-square displacements in the xy-plane, vdiich are proportional to MDt, where D is the diffusion coefficient and t the time. The following values were found ... 

Closely monitor patients for efficacy and toxicity while they are receiving hydroxyurea. Monitor mean corpuscular volume (MCV) because it increases as the level of HbF increases. If the MCV does not increase with hydroxyurea use, the marrow may be unable to respond, the dose may not be adequate, or the patient may be noncompliant.27 HbF levels also can be monitored to assess response. Assess blood counts every 2 weeks during dose titration and then every 4 to 6 weeks once the dose is stabilized. Temporary discontinuation of therapy is warranted if the hemoglobin level is less than 5 g/dL (50 g/L or 3.1 mmol/L), the absolute neutrophil count is less than 2000/mm3 (2 x 109/L), platelets are less than 80,000/mm3 (80 x 109/L), or reticulocytes are less than 80,000/mm3 (80 x 109/L) if the hemoglobin is less than 9 g/dL (90 g/L or 5.6 mmol/L). Monitor for increases in serum creatinine and transaminases. Once the patient has recovered, hydroxyurea may be restarted with a dose that is 2.5 to 5 mg/kg less than the dose associated with the patient s toxicity. Doses then may be increased by 2.5 to 5 mg/kg daily after 12 weeks with no toxicity. 

Monitor means one or more persons appointed by the Sponsor to monitor compliance of the Clinical Trial with ICH GCP and to conduct source data verification. 

Environmental monitoring means the measurement of radiation and radioactivity outside the boundaries of installations operating nuclear power plants, research reactors, fuel reprocessing plant, accelerators or handling radioactivity materials including nuclear fuels or radioactive sources. 

The fact that the sample mass is continuously monitored means that DTA peak measurements can be referred back to a true sample weight, after allowing for prior lower temperature weight losses such as drying. Confidence in the quality of peak area measurements, especially at high temperatures, is increased when the TG data show that no sublimation or decomposition is taking place. Glass transition measurements can be markedly influenced by the moisture content in the case of many important polymers. With STA, the moisture content at the time of measurement is known exactly. 

Normality assumption Most traditional SPC tools are based on the assumption that the process output characteristic is normally distributed, among which Shewhart control charts and multivariate control charts. In some cases, the central limit theorem can be used to justify approximate normality when monitoring means, but in numerous cases normality is an untenable assumption, and one is unwilling to use another parametric model. A number of nonparametric methods are available in these cases. As data availability increases, nonparametric methods seem especially useful in multivariate applications where most methods proposed thus far rely on normality. 

To protect against the potential risks of total loss of the heat removal function by guaranteeing the operability of effective and redundant makeup and monitoring means ... 

The complete dismantling (stage 3 in IAEA classification) has not yet been decided. However the containment and monitoring means implemented should allowed a safe waiting period of several decalles. 

Ca. The whole system was then left to equilibrate to the designated temperature. A calcium ion selective electrode (Orion ) was dipped into the solution in the crystalliser as an online monitoring means of the ciystallisation process by continuously measuring the change in calcium ion concentration as crystallisation proceeded. After the temperature of the solution in the crystalliser had reached the set value, the seed crystals were added into the solution. The impeller speed was raised for one minute to rapidly attain a well suspended mixture. The impeller speed was then reduced to a predetermined operating value of 125 rpm. After one residence time of batch operation (the residence time was determined from the previous batch experiment), the peristaltic pumps were activated and the system was carried out in a continuous mode. 

In this chapter, in-line (real-time) monitoring refers to techniques that provide analysis feedback in about 1 s-1 min, online monitoring means that feedback is available in about 1 min-1 h, and off-line analysis means the classical sampling that takes hours to a day to be completed. The terms in-line and online monitoring are used here interchangeably. 

The increase in work carried out under constraints and the scope for autonomy has at least two consequences. Eirst, the widespread use of management practices where individuals are closely monitored means that staff are motivated by the fact that their results are regularly evaluated. Secondly, they know that if their results are unsatisfactory there will... 

Higher TBBPA concentrations have been found in dust from swabbed surfaces of computers, microwaves, refrigerators, printers and other electronics (Di NapoU-Davis and Owens 2013). The highest concentrations were found in dust swabs from CRT computer monitors (mean 523 ng per milliliter, ng/ml), microwaves (206 ng/ml), and refrigerators (194 ng/ml). Lowest concentrations (below the LOQ) were found in dust from copiers and computer towers. Similarly, Kajiwara et al. (2011) reported high levels (up to 800 ng/g) in PC boards of electronics in Japan. High TBBPA concentrations (mean 2,400,000 ng/g) were also found in dust sampled inside CRT-TVs in Japan (Takigami et al. 2008). 

Abbreviations used for the techniques are defined in table I-F-3. Experiments conducted by monitoring MEAN in presence of excess of O3. 

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