Monitoring clinical

To characterize the responses to PbTx-2, five dose rates (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ig/kg/hr in 2 ml saline) were infused into the jugular catheters of rats (four per group). Heart rates, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures, pulse pressures, respiratory rates, core and peripheral body temperatures, lead VI0 ECCjs, and arterial blood gases were monitored. Clinical signs and behaviors were recorded by video camera. After infusion, animals were monitored for 6 hr, by which time most had either died or recovered to near baseline physiological levels. 

Monitor clinical symptoms associated with hyperprolactinemia every month for the first 3 months to assess therapeutic efficacy and assist with dose titration. 

Nuclear medicine scans useful for early detection -Computed tomography (CT) scan useful for monitoring clinical improvement... 

Avoid jejunal administration of ciprofloxacin Monitor clinical response Adjust warfarin dose based on international normalized ratio... 

Renal function impairment Ad usi the dosing interval of tenofovir in patients with baseline creatinine clearance (Ccr) less than 50 mL/min using the recommendations in the following table. The safety and effectiveness of these dosing interval recommendations have not been clinically evaluated closely monitor clinical response to treatment and renal function in these patients. 

Institutional Review Boards. In university clinics and other hospitals engaged in research, ethics committees (also called Institutional Review Boards, IRBs) have been formed over the last three decades to monitor clinical research activities from scientific, legal, ethical and social viewpoints. All protocols relating to clinical trials must be submitted to these committees, which are generally made up of one or several doctors, a lawyer, a representative of the nursing staff and also community representatives such as priests. This composition forces clinical researchers to set out their intentions in such a way as to be clear enough for a lay person to understand and to assess whether the inconvenience and risks involved for the patient are in a reasonable relationship to the possible benefit of the planned trial. 

Further, it is best to start with a very low dose and titrate up slowly in a hospital setting to carefully monitor clinical response, temperature, and neurological and mental status. Using low doses will not necessarily jeopardize chances for an adequate clinical response. We found, for example, evidence for a therapeutic effect with low-dose trifluoperazine (285). This finding is consistent with the growing recognition that less may indeed be more when it comes to the dose of an antipsychotic. 

Tierney MJ, Jayalakshmi Y, Parris NA, Reidy MP, Uhegbu C, Vijayakumar P. Design of a biosensor for continual, transdermal glucose monitoring. Clinical Chemistry 1999, 45, 1681-1683. 

Klonoff DC. Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. Clinical Diabetes 1998, 16, 43-45. 

Mendelson Y. Pulse oximetry—theory and applications for noninvasive monitoring. Clinical Chemistry 1992, 38, 1601-1607. 

Figure 4-1. Diagram of work area of a proposed pharmacy-run anticoagulation monitoring clinic.

The analysis and measurement of gas components are widely employed in the petrochemicals, electronics, coal, space and instrument manufacture industries, and especially in the areas of environment monitoring, clinical diagnosis and safety assurance which are important to public health and economic development. Hence, government bodies and the departments concerned have been paying great attention... 

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS BUSULFAN t plasma concentrations of busulfan and t risk of toxicity of busulfan such as veno-ocdusive disease and pulmonary fibrosis, when co-administered with diltiazem, nifedipine or verapamil Due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of busulfan by these calcium channel blockers. Busulfan clearance may be l by 25%, and the AUC of busulfan may t by 1500 p,mol/L Monitor clinically for veno-ocdusive disease and pulmonary toxicity in transplant patients. Monitor busulfan blood levels as AUC of below 1500 p,mol/L per minute tends to prevent toxicity... 

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS IFOSFAMIDE i plasma concentrations of 4-hydroxyifosfamide, the active metabolite of ifbsfamide and risk of inadequate therapeutic response when it is co-administered with diltiazem, nifedipine or verapamil Due to inhibition of the isoenzymatic conversion to active metabolites by diltiazem Monitor clinically the efficacy of ifosfamide and t the dose accordingly... 

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS ANTIDEPRESSANTS -LITHIUM L plasma concentrations of lithium, with risk of inadequate therapeutic effect t renal elimination of lithium Monitor clinically and by measuring blood lithium levels to ensure adequate therapeutic efficacy... 

ST JOHN S WORT VINCA ALKALOIDS -VINBLASTINE, VINCRISTINE L of plasma concentrations of vinblastine and vincristine, with risk of inadequate therapeutic response. Reports of AUC 1 by 40%, elimination half-life 1 by 35%, and clearance t by 63% in patients with brain tumours taking vincristine Due to induction of CYP3A4-mediated metabolism Monitor for clinical efficacy, and T dose of vinblastine and vincristine as clinically indicated in the latter case, monitor clinically and radiologi-cally for clinical efficacy in patients with brain tumours, and T dose to obtain the desired response... 

OLANZAPINE PROTEASE INHIBITORS Possibly 1 efficacy of olanzapine when co-ingested with ritonavir (with or without lopinavir) Possibly t metabolism via CYP1A2 and glucuronyl transferases Monitor clinical response t dose as necessaiy... 

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