Molybdenum hexacarbonyl, reaction with

Reaction of chromium or molybdenum hexacarbonyl complexes with NaBH4 produced the dimeric decacarbonyl, M2(CO)Jg... 

Reaction with activated halides. Molybdenum hexacarbonyl reacts with a-halo ketones (equimolar amounts) in refluxing DME as shown in equation (1). The... 

Finally, the bimolecular cycloaddition of alkynes with 2-phenylazirines in the presence of molybdenum hexacarbonyl has been studied (79TL2983). The pyrrole derivatives (294) obtained appear to arise from an initial [2 + 2] cycloaddition followed by a ring opening reaction. 

UV irradiation. Indeed, thermal reaction of 1-phenyl-3,4-dimethylphosphole with (C5HloNH)Mo(CO)4 leads to 155 (M = Mo) and not to 154 (M = Mo, R = Ph). Complex 155 (M = Mo) converts into 154 (M = Mo, R = Ph) under UV irradiation. This route was confirmed by a photochemical reaction between 3,4-dimethyl-l-phenylphosphole and Mo(CO)6 when both 146 (M = Mo, R = Ph, R = R = H, R = R" = Me) and 155 (M = Mo) resulted (89IC4536). In excess phosphole, the product was 156. A similar chromium complex is known [82JCS(CC)667]. Complex 146 (M = Mo, R = Ph, r2 = R = H, R = R = Me) enters [4 -H 2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition with diphenylvinylphosphine to give 157. However, from the viewpoint of Woodward-Hoffmann rules and on the basis of the study of UV irradiation of 1,2,5-trimethylphosphole, it is highly probable that [2 - - 2] dimers are the initial products of dimerization, and [4 - - 2] dimers are the final results of thermally allowed intramolecular rearrangement of [2 - - 2] dimers. This hypothesis was confirmed by the data obtained from the reaction of 1-phenylphosphole with molybdenum hexacarbonyl under UV irradiation the head-to-tail structure of the complex 158. 

Molybdenum and tungsten hexacarbonyls are able to form anionic complexes (AsPli4)2[(OC)4M( -pz)2M(CO)4] upon reaction with sodium pyrazolate and PluAsCl (72CB3203). The cationic complexes [(rj -Cp)2Mo(/Lt-pz)2Mo(rj -Cp)2] " (n = 2, 3) are known as well (74HCA1988). The other representatives of the complexes containing an exobidentate ligand (26) are derived from 4//-pyrazoles [70ZAAC(379)169]. 

Molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)6] has been vised in combination with TBHP for the epoxidation of terminal olefins [44]. Good yields and selectivity for the epoxide products were obtained when reactions were performed under anhydrous conditions in hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene. The inexpensive and considerably less toxic Mo02(acac)2 is a robust alternative to Mo(CO)6 [2]. A number of different substrates ranging from simple ot-olefms to more complex terpenes have been oxidized with very low catalytic loadings of this particular molybdenum complex (Scheme 6.2). The epoxidations were carried out with use of dry TBHP (-70%) in toluene. 

A more complicated type of reaction leading to 2-styrylindoles is observed when 2-arylazirines are treated with the rhodium complexes,70 [(Ph3P)2 Rh(CO)Cl] or [Rh(CO)2Cl]2, or with dicobalt octacarbonyl71 (Scheme 42). In contrast, 2-arylazirines with molybdenum hexacarbonyl give pyrazines and dihydropyrazines, and with diiron enneacarbonyl give pyrroles (see Sections V,C,2 and IV,A,1, respectively). The use of relatively low molar ratios of 2-arylazirine to rhodium catalyst (2 1) causes the formation of 2,5-diarylpyrroles. 

A 1,3-oxazepine derivative (158) has been isolated in low (2-3%) or unspecified yield by treatment of the Z-ketovinylazirine 157 with diiron nonacarbonyl50 or molybdenum hexacarbonyl,51 respectively (Scheme 182) the major products of these reactions are pyrrole derivatives (see Scheme 23 in Section IV,A,1). There is no preparative value in this type of oxazepine synthesis (Scheme 182) since the transformation can be affected efficiently in a thermal reaction at 100°C.52... 

An interesting series of ring-closing alkyne metathesis reactions (RCAM) has recently been reported by Fiirstner and coworkers (Scheme 6.72) [152], Treatment of biaryl-derived diynes with 10 mol% of a catalyst prepared in situ from molybdenum hexacarbonyl and 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol at 150 °C for 5 min led to a ca. 70% iso-... 

An efficient synthetic route to (10Z)- and (10 )-19-lluoro-la,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 has been developed (488). The key feature of this pathway is the introduction of a 19-fluoromethylene group to a (5 )-19-nor-10-oxo-vitamin D derivative. The 10-oxo compound 445 has been obtained via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of (5 )-la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with in situ generated nitrile oxide, followed by ring cleavage of the formed isoxazoline moiety with molybdenum hexacarbonyl. Conversion of the keto group of (5 )-19-nor-10-oxo-vitamin D to the E and Z fluoromethylene group has been achieved via a two-step sequence, involving a reaction of lithiofluoromethyl phenyl sulfone, followed by the reductive de-sulfonylation of the u-lluoro-j3-hydroxysulfone. The dye-sensitized photoisomerization of the (5 )-19-fluorovitamin D affords the desired (5Z)-19-fluorovitamin D derivatives, (10Z)- and (10 )-19-fluoro-la,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3. 

In a similar manner, Brummond et al. demonstrated the first total synthesis of 15-deoxy-A12,14-prostaglandin J2 (162) that was completed using a silicon-tethered allenic Pauson-Khand reaction to obtain the highly unsaturated cyclopentenone substructure [36]. Treatment of alkynylallene 160 with molybdenum hexacarbonyl and dimethyl sulfoxide affords the desired cycloadduct 161 in 43% yield (Scheme 19.30). Trienone 161 was obtained as a 2 1 Z E mixture of isomers in which the Z-isomer could be isomerized to the desired E-isomer. The silicon tether was cleaved and the resulting product converted to 15-deoxy-A12,14-prostaglandin J2 (162). 

When sodium ethoxide is used in place of sodium hydroxide in the carbonylation reaction of benzyl halides with dicobalt octacarbonyl, ethyl esters are produced instead of the acids [15], Esters are also produced directly from iodoalkanes through their reaction with molybdenum hexacarbonyl in the presence of tetra-/i-butylammo-nium fluoride [16]. Di-iodoalkanes produce lactones [16]. The reaction can be made catalytic in the hexacarbonyl by the addition of methyl formate [16]. t-Butyl arylacetic esters are produced in moderate yield (40-60%) under phase-transfer catalytic conditions in the palladium promoted carbonylation reaction with benzyl chlorides [17]. 

Tetrakis-/i-(carboxylato)-dimolybdenum(II) complexes have been obtained by only one general route, namely by the direct interaction of carboxylic acids with molybdenum hexacarbonyl.8 This reaction requires elevated reaction temperatures and prolonged reaction times. These same compounds are obtained in comparable or better yields by the brief reaction of tetrachloro- or tetrabromotetrakis(tributylphosphine)dimolybdenum(II) with alkyl- or aryl-carboxylic acids in refluxing benzene. The bis-/i-(arylcarboxylato) complexes... 

In the course of a study of the formation of fluorophosphoranes from chloro-phosphines (22) we observed one exception in the compound chloromethyldi-chlorophosphine, which reacted smoothly with antimony trifluoride to give the flammable fluorophosphine, C1CH2PF2, under conditions where many other chloro-phosphines were invariably converted into fluorophosphoranes. As this fluorophosphine is readily available, its interaction with a metal carbonyl derivative was studied, and cycloheptatriene molybdenum tricarbonyl, obtained from the reaction of molybdenum hexacarbonyl with cycloheptatriene (I, 2), was chosen as a starting compound. 

The solvent effect was also shown in the reaction of propylene, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and molybdenum hexacarbonyl in a mixed solvent of benzene and tert-butyl alcohol (Figure 1). The epoxide yield increases rapidly as the benzene-to-terf-butyl alcohol ratio increases up to 1 4, thereafter the hydroperoxide conversion increases more rapidly with an increase in this ratio. 

Kinetics. The kinetics of the epoxidation of olefins with tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of molybdenum hexacarbonyl have been studied. The reaction rate is first order in tert-butyl hydroperoxide, in olefin, and in molybdenum hexacarbonyl. Olefins substituted near the double bond by electron-releasing alkyl groups react more rapidly than the corresponding unsubstituted olefins. The kinetic data indicate that the epoxidation reaction proceeds according to the rate law,... 

However, our kinetic data with molybdenum hexacarbonyl and other observations appear more consistent with a mechanism which proceeds through a polarized hydroperoxide complex. Reaction 2 appears to be faster than Reaction 3. 

The fact that the epoxide yield decreases at higher temperatures, longer reaction time, higher catalyst concentration, and lower olefin concentration may be caused by two possible side reactions—decomposition of the hydroperoxide and addition of the alcohol to the epoxide. Initial kinetic studies of the decomposition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of molybdenum hexacarbonyl showed second-order dependence on hydroperoxide and first-order dependence on catalyst concentration. These results indicate that the decomposition of hydroperoxide is caused by the reaction between the hydroperoxide-metal complex and another molecule of hydroperoxide. With higher temperature, higher... 

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