Allenes, Pauson-Khand reactions

In a similar manner, Brummond et al. demonstrated the first total synthesis of 15-deoxy-A12,14-prostaglandin J2 (162) that was completed using a silicon-tethered allenic Pauson-Khand reaction to obtain the highly unsaturated cyclopentenone substructure [36]. Treatment of alkynylallene 160 with molybdenum hexacarbonyl and dimethyl sulfoxide affords the desired cycloadduct 161 in 43% yield (Scheme 19.30). Trienone 161 was obtained as a 2 1 Z E mixture of isomers in which the Z-isomer could be isomerized to the desired E-isomer. The silicon tether was cleaved and the resulting product converted to 15-deoxy-A12,14-prostaglandin J2 (162). 

The key step employed a rhodium(l)-catalysed allenic Pauson-Khand reaction to generate the tricyclic ring system 276 from the allenyne 275. However, all attempts to introduced the missing methyl group by a 1,4-addition protocol failed to provide the completed neodolastane framework. Allenyne 275 was synthesized from the enone 274 by a multistep procedure. The quaternary atom was constructed by sequential enolate alkylations. 

Alcaide, B., Almendros, P. The allenic Pauson-Khand reaction in synthesis. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 3377-3383. 

The six amino acids 63 were prepared individually, and mixed to give acids M-64 (see Scheme 13.15) [51]. Esterification of M-64, zinc-chelated ester enolate Claisen rearrangement of M-65, tert-butyl esterification, and removal of the Me3Si group yielded M-66. The alkynyl allenes M-67 were obtained by Af-propargylation. The allenic Pauson-Khand reaction of M-67 afforded three products (/ )-alkylidenecyclopentenone... 

The Pauson-Khand reaction has also been carried out under different conditions, such as the use of chiral ligands, including PuPHOS, CamPHOS, and camphorsultam the use of aldehydes as the carbon monoxide source > the use of solid-supported cobalt catalyst to enhance purification, such as the dry-state adsorption the use of colloidal cobalt nanoparticle and the use of metallic cobalt supported on mesoporous silica prepared by decomposing Co2(CO)8 on mesoporous silica supports (SBA-15 and MCM-41) in the refluxing toluene solution.Other modifications include different promoting methods, such as photo-irradiation, microwave irradiation, molecular sieves, TEMPO,A-oxides, and supercritical fluids. Furthermore, the cycloaddition between allene and carbon monoxide under similar conditions is known as the allenic Pauson-Khand reaction,27,41 jjjg reaction among alkyne, carbodiimide, and CO is referred to as the aza-Pauson-Khand reaction. ... 

Most Pauson-Khand reactions have been conducted with an alkene, an alk5me, and CO. However, PKRs have been developed with aUenynes (Scheme 17.36). Narasaka reported the first example of an intramolecular allenyne PKR catalyzed by an iron complex, and Brum-mond has extensively studied the allenic Pauson-Khand reaction. These reactions have been catalyzed by the combination of Mo(CO) and DMSO or by [Rh(CO)2Cl]2, and several examples are shown in Equations 17.77 and 17.78. - The reactions in Equations 17.77 and 17.78 illustrate the different regiochemistry of the products from reactions catalyzed by molybde num and rhodium. Computational studies indicate that different geometries of octahedral Mo(0), and square-planar Rh(I) species account for the different regioselectivities. ... 

Parasites, antimicrobials for, 12, 458 Pauson-Khand reaction allenic substrates, 11, 352 and allenynes, 10, 356-357 with aminocarbonylation, 11, 531 asymmetric catalysts, in desymmetrizations, 11, 357 catalytic... 

Scheme 8. Pauson-Khand reactions with allenes.

Cyclopropene can also be used as the aUcene component and affords bicyclo[3.1.0]hexen-2-ones upon reaction with alkyne dicobalt octacarbonyl complexes in the presence of NMO (Scheme 250). Vinyl ethers and vinyl esters serve as ethene equivalents in Pauson-Khand reactions. For example, reaction of vinyl benzoate with complex (169) furnished cyclopentenone (170) (Scheme 251). This reaction was used in a synthesis of (-l-)-taylorine and nortaylorine. Allenes participate in intermolecular Pauson-Khand reactions affording alkylidene-substituted cyclopentenones (Scheme 252). ... 

Pauson-Khand reactions. 4-Alkylidenecyclopentenones are formed when allenes participate in the reaction. 

Pauson-Khand reaction of alkynyl ketones in which an allenyl group is extended further from the a -position is intriguing. It has been found that one of the double bonds of the allene unit can be selected to participate by using certain transition metal catalysts besides modification of the substrates. ... 

Cycloaddition. A synthesis of bicyclic dienones by the Pauson-Khand reaction of an allene/yne is based on catalysis by Co2Rh2. Two molecules of an allene combine with CO to form 4-alkylidene-2-cyclopentenones. ... 

This reaction has found its way into organic synthesis fi and is attractive because of its generality and selectivity. In Drummond s synthesis of hydroxymethylacylfulvene,3 0 for example, a Pauson-Khand reaction of the allene-alkyne 446 gave a 69% yield of 447. In this case, molybdenum hexacarbonyl was used. In Takano s synthesis of dendrobine, 448 was treated with dicobalt octacarbonyl and then NMO to give an 89%... 

Abstract Recent density functional theory computations of cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation of propene, A -vinyl acetamide, 1,3-butadiene, acetylene, propyne, and allene and the urea formation from methyl amine as well as Pauson-Khand reaction have been reviewed. The detailed catalytic mechanism and regioselectivity have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data. It shows that modem computational chemistry provides not only qualitative but also quantitative aspects of catalytic reactions. 

The Pauson-Khand reaction has been studied extensively in academic laboratories and has been used to prepare a number of natiual products. The PKR is included in this text because of its extensive use in synthesis, but the presentation is brief because it has not experienced the same development into industrial scale synthesis as the other carbonyla-tion processes described in this chapter. This section presents the original reaction, the modifications that increase the rate, allenic PKRs, asymmetric variants, and the application of the PKR in modem organic synthesis. 

The proposed mechanism is shown in (Scheme 43). Based on the results of allenic Pauson-Khand type reaction (PKTR), it is known that the Rh catalyst preferentially coordinates to the distal double bond of the allene-forming metallacycle I-I and sequential CO insertion would provide [2-I-2-1-1] product. However, in the absence of CO /3-hydride elimination takes place instead leading to triene intermediate I-II, and subsequent reductive elimination affords the cross-conjugated triene 83. 

A rhodium-catalysed Pauson-Khand reaction of an allenic alkyne 7.60 was employed to form the cyclopentenone ring of Achalensolide 7.65, a guaianolide natural product (Scheme 7.18). The butenolide ring was then constructed by free radical chemistry. 

Allenyne represents an interesting substrate for the intramolecular Pauson-Khand(-type) reaction, where an allene moiety acts as an ene component. Here, there are two possible reaction pathways (Scheme 11.21) (i) the reaction of an external tr-bond of allene moiety gives a bicyclic dienone (type A) or (ii) the reaction of an internal 7i-bond gives a bicyclic cyclopentenone with an alkylidene substituent (type B). 

Pauson-Khand-type reactions of enynes are mediated by other metal complexes, such as Fe(CO)5 [100], [W(CO)5THF] and Mo(CO)6 [101]. Cyclization of the allene-yne system 227 to the a-methylenecyclopentenone 228 is promoted by Mo(CO)6. The products depend on the substituents of the allene, and the cyclization of 229 afforded 230 as the main product [102]. 

Intramolecular allene alkyne cyclizations using cobalt complexes are nonspecific and both double bonds of the allene participate in the reaction affording [4.3.0] and [3.3.0]ring systems (Scheme 260). Both inter- and intramolecnlar Pauson - Khand-type reactions have been reported using... 

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