Molten phases

The lead and 2inc are separated into two molten phases by progressive cooling. Following ammonium chloride treatment to remove dross, the lead is returned to the condenser. Zinc is cast into ingots after dissolved lead is removed by cooling. 

The possible attack on metals and alloys by materials of this type may be considered in a manner similar to attack by molten salts. If a molten phase exists in the material at the temperature under consideration it is possible that solution of the oxides formed by the alloy will occur, thus preventing... 

Chemical reaction This involves the formation of distinct compounds by reaction between the solid metal and the fused metal or salt. If such compounds form an adherent, continuous layer at the interface they tend to inhibit continuation of the reaction. If, however, they are non-adherent or soluble in the molten phase, no protection will be offered. In some instances, the compounds form in the matrix of the alloy, for example as grain-boundary intermetallic compound, and result in harmful liquid metal embrittlement (LME) although no corrosion loss can be observed. 

T.L. Boggs et al, AIAA J 8 (2), 370-72 (1970) CA 72, 113371 (1970) Scanning electron microscopy is used to study the surface structure of solid proplnts, prepd from AP (1) and polyurethane or caiboxylated polybutadiene. Polyurethane proplnts are self-extinguish-ing at high pressure due to the flow of molten binder over I crystals. I crystals formed a thin surface melt with gas liberation in the molten phase... 

When HgCl2, Hg and AICI3 are taken in the mole ratios 1 2 2 and heated above the mp at 240°C for 6 d the melt becomes yellow. Yellow needles of Hg3(AlCl4)2 can be obtained from this mixture by establishing a thermal gradient between the molten phase (at 210°C) and solid phase (at 195°C) ... 

The fractal behavior of diffusion trajectories of ions has been studied in the molten phase of Agl as well as in the a-phase. The Devalues for an MD system with 250 Ag and 250 I" at 900 K were calculated from Fig. 21 to be 2 and 2.17, respectively. The mean-square displacements are shown in Fig. 22 in comparison with those of the a-phase at 670 K. As results of supplementary MD simulations, these authors obtained Dj = 1 for Ag and D = 2.17 at 1000 K and Df = 2 for both ions at 2000 K. Thus, they have concluded that (1) at an extremely high temperature above the melting point, the system is in a completely liquid state, which leads to a... 

The Earth s crust, mantle and core are strongly influenced by differentiation processes which could have resulted from gravitational separation ( smelting ) in an early molten phase of the planet, or from the sequence in which different chemical species condensed from the primitive solar nebula and were subsequently accreted. Seismology indicates that there is a liquid core (with a solid inner core) with radius 3500 km consisting mainly of iron (with some Ni and FeS) surrounded by a plastic (Fe, Mg silicate) mantle of thickness 2900 km. 

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation describes the univariant equilibrium between crystal and melt in the P-Tfield. Because molar volumes and molar entropies of molten phases are generally greater than their crystalline counterparts, the two terms and AFfusion both positive and we almost invariably observe an... 

Figure 7.2 G-X and T-X plots for a binary system with a molten phase with complete miscibility of components at all T conditions and a solid phase in which components are totally immiscible at all proportions (mechanical mixture, 7 = 7 + V )-...

The industrial catalyst consists of a mixture of V2Os and K2S207 supported on silica. Under technical reaction conditions (>440°C), this mixture forms a viscous molten phase on the surface of the porous silica structure. Apparently a redox model can also be applied to such a system [154],... 

From an experimental viewpoint the polymerization of 6.19, where R and R are both methyl groups, takes place in the bulk (molten) phase in sealed glass tubes at 130 °C and the reactions are complete in less than one hour. The yellow polymer is formed in almost quantitative yield and is soluble in solvents such as THF. The molecular weight is in the range of 3 x 105 to 5 x 105 (1,300-2,000 repeating units). 

If the compatibilizer is reactive, the rapid and effective melting and mixing will establish the proper conditions for a uniform molten-phase reaction to take place. Thus, by employing TSEs, polymer processors (compounders or product fabricators) can create customized, microstructured polymer systems, which we have coined as designer pellets (22), to best serve the special product property needs of their customers they are no longer solely dependent on polymer resin manufacturers. 

Use of low-temperature steam at 473 K (200°C) as a reagent is practical in a molten-phase hydrolysis reactor. What is significant about this is that the process engineering will need to focus only on the heat exchange to main a low-pressure melt (i.e. CaBr2-CaO) at the design reaction temperature of 1 050 K (777°C). 

Yang, Jiahong, C.B. Panchal, Richard D. Doctor (2008), Experimental Investigation of Molten-phase Calcium Bromide Hydrolysis , in revision Intl.J. of Hydrogen Energy. 

That is 82.5% as abundant as the element silicon, making 5 Fe one of the hugely abundant nuclear species. In the universe itis the lothmostabundantnucleus. On the crust of the Earth, however, iron is nowhere near as abundant as silicon. Sand (silica) is much more abundant than the metal iron and its ores because much of the iron setded to the center of the Earth during its early molten phase. 

Spreading of a molten phase under the action of capillary forces and due to the reduction of surface tension... 

For willow ash/sand, the first melting occurs in the sample heated at 650 C for 6 hours, thus at a lower temperature then for straw ash/sand. However, even at 900 °C not all the ash is molten (see Figure 3). Roughly 1/3 of the original ash content remains as a non-molten phase and SEM-EDX-analyses show that this fraction is highly enriched in Ca and P compared to the bulk ash composition (see Table 3). 

Thorium oxide would not be expected to react with molten alkali metal nitrates. Brambilla claims, however, that a soluble thorium species is produced in the molten phase when nitric acid vapor is combined with fluoride ion in molten nitrates (10). 

In addition, Brambilla has claimed that both iodine and ruthenium are volatilized when the molten nitrate reacts with the oxide fuel (9). In contrast to this volatilization, other literature claims that both iodine and ruthenium will be found in the molten phase (6, 13). Avogadro and Wurm state that most of the fission products, other than the noble metals, are either volatile or soluble in the nitrate melt, even without addition of nitric acid vapor (12). In a later paper, however, Avogadro reports that iodine is stable as iodide in molten nitrates, and that ruthenium is partially soluble in the molten phase, and partially volatilizes, while the majority remains with the... 

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