Molecule anionized

Metal Introduced Into the Dyestuff Molecule in Manufacture. These dyes fall into two categories according to the ratio of metal cation to dye molecule anion 1 1 metal dye complexes comprise one metal cation and one chromophoric ligand and 1 2 metal dye complexes comprise one metal cation and two chromophoric ligands. 

Kisilevsky R, Lemieux LJ, Fraser PE, Kong X, Hultin PG, Szarek WA. Arresting amyloidosis in vivo using small-molecule anionic sulphonates or sulphates implications for Alzheimer s disease. Nat Med 1995 1 143-148. 

R Kisilevsky, LJ Lemieux, PE Fraser, X Kang, PG Hultin, WA Szarek. Arresting amyloidosis in vivo using small-molecule anionic sulfonates or sulfates —implications for Alzheimers disease. Nature Med 1 143—148, 1995. 

Assisted by the two water solvate molecules, anions and cations aggregate in slabs stacked along c. Dpg+ exhausts its capacity as a donor and the anion is very much involved in a donor/acceptor role, only 04 is left rmperturbed (Figme. 4). 

The diethylammonium salt of the tris(tetraphenyldisiloxanediolato)zirconate(IV) anion (33) has been obtained in very low yield from the reaction of [Zr(NEt2)4] with diphenylsilanediol in THF. The ligand results, under the basic reaction conditions, from condensation of two Ph2Si(OH)2 molecules. Anion (33) has an octahedral tris-chelate structure with a twist angle (46.9°) that indicates some distortion towards trigonal prismatic geometry.466... 

The first layer of molecules at the surface of the electrode is specifically adsorbed by van der Waals and electrostatic forces. The adsorbed solute could be neutral molecules, anions, or cations. Iodide is more strongly adsorbed than bromide, so the potential of zero charge for KI is more negative than for KBr A... 

In the following review there are six technical sections, the first three covering dyes. The division has been made on the basis of the nature of the electronic character of the dye molecule. Anionic dyes are applied to hydrophilic fibres whilst cationic dyes are applied mainly to acrylic fibres. The neutral disperse dyes are used mainly on the hydrophobic polyester fabrics. Then follow sections covering pigments, a short summary of fluorescent brightening agents and, finally, an introduction to the subject of colour and chemical constitution. 

The values of C and D are evaluated at the critical point and normal boiling point. U. is the vertical molecule-cation interaction energy and U isJthe corresponding molecule-anion term. U and w are calculated as the sums of all the appropriate dielectric and Lennard-Jones potentials. The actual calculation of an x/m isotherm is the superposition of several solution models. The principal one corresponds to the partial filling by molecules on the cation sites. The value of x/m is a constant times Xg, summed over all sites, where the constant is the molecular weight ratio. 

To date, the vast majority of work deals with hydrophilic GNRs functionalized by electrostatic attraction of CTAB molecules, anionic polyelectrolytes, or covalent binding of hydrophilic thiols. Hydrophobic GNRs are mainly produced by depositing octadecyl-trimethoxysilane as a coating agent onto the nanorod surface either in the presence [178, 179] or absence of a silica shell [180]. 

A theoretical evaluation of the aromaticity of the pyrones pyromeconic acid, maltol, and ethylmaltol along with their anions and cations was carried out at several levels (Hartree-Fock, SVWN, B3LYP, and B1LYP) using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set <2005JP0250>. The relative aromaticity of these compounds was evaluated by harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA), nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICSs), and /6 indexes and decreases in the order cation > neutral molecule > anion. 

Cleaners that contain strong bases are the most effective for dissolving grease and grime. Bases are effective because they produce soaps when they react with the fatty acids in grease. When a strong base (such as sodium hydroxide, NaOH, or potassium hydroxide, KOH) is used on a dirty oven, the fat molecules that make up the grease are split into smaller molecules. Anions from the base then bond with some of these molecules to form soap. 

This is particularly important for large polymeric molecules. Anions are repelled from the negatively charged capillary wall, simplifying methods development since buffer additives or coated capillaries are not required to minimize wall effects [4],... 

Metal cations in solution are surrounded by ligands (i.e., solvent molecules, anions, or non-solvent neutral molecules). The bonding that develops is normally a result of the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons of the ligand with the metal ion, which makes a covalent coordinate bond thus, the resulting species is called coordination compound or complex. 

Acylation of the monomer activates the latter towards the nucleophilic attack by a lactam anion. Hence, it is rational to use the term activator for lactam derivatives capable of growing (e.g., A-acyllactams) or such compounds which produce the latter much faster than the initiator alone (e.g., acid chloride). In most cases, the activator or its fragments become part of the polymer molecule. Anionic polymerizations in which an activator has been added are designated as activated polymerizations, whereas in non-activated polymerizations the growth centres are produced by the initiator, reaction (23). 

Fig. 1 Vibronic coupling constant (solid line) and energy gradient (dotted line) of hydrogen molecule anion using the ROHF method with the basis set (a) 6-3IG and (b) 6-3IG with their first derivatives. The electronic energy (dashed line) is shown against the displacement from the equilibrium geometry of the neutral molecule...

Fig. 2 Vibronic coupling density analysis for hydrogen molecule anion (ROHF/6-31G with first derivatives), (a) Vibrational mode, (b) vibronic coupling density rj, (c) electron density difference Ap and (d) potential derivative v. The blue and grey surfaces denote negative and positive densities, respectively...

The Lewis bases in coordination compounds may be molecules, anions, or (rarely) cations. They are called ligands (Latin ligare, to bind ). The donor atoms of the ligands are the atoms that donate shares in electron pairs to metals. In some cases it is not possible to identify donor atoms, because the bonding electrons are not localized on specific atoms. Some small organic molecules such as ethylene, H2C=CH2, bond to a transition metal through the electrons in their double bonds. Examples of typical simple ligands are listed in Table 25-4. 

The Working Method for drawing Lewis structures for molecules, anions and cations involves the following steps ... 

Draw a ball and stick diagram for the polyatomic molecules, anions or cations, including localised double bonds. 

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