Fluorescent brightening agent

Dye Intermedia.tes, Dye intermediates are defined as those precursors to colorants that are manufactured within the dyes industry, and they are neady always colodess. Colored precursors are conveniendy termed color bases. As distinct from primaries they are only rarely manufactured in single-product units because of the comparatively low tonnages requited. Fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs) are neither intermediates nor tme colorants. Basic manufacturing processes for FBAs are described in Reference 18 (see Fluorescent whitening agents). 

Fluorescent brightening agents, 1, 338-341 Fluoride ions nucleophilicity crown ethers and, 7, 756 Fluorides synthesis... 

Descriptive terms such as fluorescent whitening agents , optical brighteners and optical bleaches have all been used for the products described in this chapter as FBAs. Many of these terms have validity and the term fluorescent brightening agents is preferred here only because it has been adopted in the indexes of Chemical Abstracts. 

R Williamson, Fluorescent brightening agents (Amsterdam Elsevier, 1980). 

Fluorescent brightening, of fibers, 11 181 Fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs), 9 266... 

The highly reactive compound disodium 4,4,-bis(dichlorotriazinylamino) stilbene-2,2 -disulphonate (7.126 known as DAST or T-DAS), an important intermediate in the manufacture of stilbene-type fluorescent brightening agents (section 11.6.1), has been evaluated recently as a crosslinking agent for the fixation of dyes with nucleophilic groups. Compound 7.126 was applied to cotton simultaneously with the hydrolysed form of Cl... 

Figure 24. Orientation of microfibrils is shown in 4h aplanospore of Boerge-senia forbesii, stained with fluorescent brightening agent Tinopal LPW.

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