Molecular weight lignosulfonate

Removal of low molecular weight lignosulfonates and sodium and calcium salts from residual black liquors... 

Figure 10 Creaming profiles of emulsions stabilized with low molecular weight lignosulfonate (UP366) measured at 25°C.

Sacrificial adsorption agents such as lignosulfonates (148—151) can be used to reduce the adsorption of more expensive polymers and surfactants. Other chemicals tested include poly(vinyl alcohol) (152), sulfonated poly(vinyl alcohol) (153), sulfonatedpoly(vinylpyrrohdinone) (153), low molecular weight polyacrylates (154), and sodium carbonate (155). 

Modem concretes often incorporate a mixture of chemical and mineral admixtures, each of which may interact with the various constituents of cements and influence cement hydration reactions. The admixture-cement interactions may in fact be viewed as the reaction between two complex chemical systems - the multicomponent, multiphasic inorganic materials in the cement and the organic compounds of multicomponent admixture systems. For example, lignosulfonate water-reducers are intrinsically complex mixtures of chemical compounds derived from the chemical degradation of lignin, while synthetic admixtures such as superplasticizers contain species with a broad distribution of molecular weights, reaction products, or other chemicals added for a specific purpose [125]. The performance of an admixture in concrete is highly dependent on many... 

Figure 1.5 is a typical molecular weight distribution curve for a lignosulfonate obtained by means of gel permeation chromatography (a sophisticated analytical method where molecules are sieved according to their molecular size). 

Figure 10. Effect of peroxide charge on copolymerization of lignosulfonate and methyl methacrylate. Conditions water medium 50°C 120 min reaction time. Key , total monomer conversion A, degree of LS reacted O, grafting efficiency , molecular weight of MMA homopolymer.

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