Molasses, utilization

Food apphcations utilize first and second molasses in baking (bread, cakes, cookies) for the molasses flavor. Molasses is also used in curing of tobacco and meats, in confections such as toffees and caramels, and in baked beans and glazes. 

Candida utilis is grown on sulfite waste Hquor in Western Europe and North America, on sugar cane molasses in Cuba and Taiwan and on ceUulose acid hydrolysates in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. C. ///i/if utilizes hexoses, pentoses, and many organic acids. Sulfite Hquor from hardwoods contains 2—3% fermentable sugars of which 20% are hexoses and 80% pentoses in softwood Hquors the proportions are reversed. The SO2 must be stripped out to allow yeast growth, which is carried out in large, highly-aerated fermentors. Eor continuous fermentations, carried out at pH 4 and 30°C, the dilution rate is 0.27—0.30 (34). 

The disposal of sugar beet pulp does not offer any very serious problem, since it can readily be dried and used as a cattle food and it is probable that all the available supplies are absorbed in this way. The utilization of molasses is discussed separately in Section VII. 

An account of work bearing on the utilization of sucrose would not be complete without some mention of the possibilities of the utilization of the residual sirups (molasses) that are produced in large amounts by all sugar factories. 

When an NHg solution is used as a nitrogen source of fermentation, the consumption of NHg decreases the pH of the culture broth. A pH stat control utilizes the pH change as a process variable where the NHg addition is manipulated so as to keep the pH value constant during fermentation. The pH stat is often employed in a fed-batch cultivation of industrial glutamic acid production (high NHg consuming fermentation) using molasses as a feedstock. 

The present utilization of carbohydrates as a feedstock for the chemical industry is modest, when considering their ready availability, low cost and huge potential [92], The bulk of the annually renewable carbohydrate biomass consists of polysaccharides, but their non-food utilization is still modest. The low-molecular-weight carbohydrates, that is, the constituent units of these polysaccharides, are potential raw materials for several commodity chemicals in fact, glucose (available from cornstarch, bagasse, molasses, wood), fructose (inulin), xylose (hemicelluloses) or the disaccharide sucrose (world production 140 Mtons year-1) are inexpensive and available on a scale of several ten thousands. 

Many chemical products are obtained by fermentation, notably for the utilization of the amount of sucrose remaining in molasses (Scheme 16).221 Thus sucrose and molasses are preferred carbon sources for the preparation of... 

Riboflavin is produced by Clostridium, Ascomycetes and Candida species. The yield can be as high as 5 g 1 1 after 7 days 60). Gibberella fujikuroi is utilized for the synthesis of gibberellins, a group of plant hormones used for plant growth promotion. Glucose, molasses, lipid (corn oil) are usually used as carbon sources. Vitamin B12 may also be synthesized from alcohols and hydrocarbons. 

If not utilized in the pulp industry, hemicelluloses are hydrolyzed in the acid-catalyzed process, mainly to monosaccharides and to furan-2-aldehyde (pen-tosanes) and 5-hydroxymethylfuran-2-aldehyde (5.62) (hexosanes). Monosaccharide-containing syrups, after purification, are either fermented or utilized as wood molasses for feeding ruminants. In another approach, xylose, the least soluble component of syrup, is allowed to crystallize. Separated xylose is then hydrogenated over an Ni/Al catalyst at 120°C under 6 x 106 Pa into xylitol. Hemicelluloses, together with proteins, are capable of the Maillard reaction and may contribute to the overall secondary aroma of processed foodstuffs (Tomasik and Zawadzki, 1998). 

Dumbrepatil, A., Adsul, M., Chaudhari, S., Khire, J., and Gokhale, D. 2008. Utilization of molasses sugar for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus del-brueckii subsp. delbrueckii mutant Uc-3 in batch fermentation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74 333-335. 

Wee, Y-J., Kim, J-M., Yun, J-S., and Ryu, H-W. 2004. Utilization of sugar molasses for economical l(+)-lactic acid production by batch fermentation of Enterococcus faecalis. Enzme and Microbial Technology 35 568-573. 

Production and Marketing Administration, Sugar Reports, Molasses Issue, annual, 1948-. Supply and utilization of ethyl alcohol. 

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