Models/modeling petroleum production

Eastcott L, Shiu WY, Mackay D. 1989. Modeling petroleum products in soils. In Petroleum contaminated soils, Vol. 1. Chelsea, MI Lewis Publishers, Inc., 63-80. 

Corapcioglu, M. Y. and Baehr, A. L., 1987, A Compositional Multiphase Model for Ground-water Contamination by Petroleum Products, 1. Theoretical Considerations Water Resources Research, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 191-200. 

Risk is modeled in terms of variance in both prices of imported cmde oil CrCosta and petroleum products Pry/, represented by first stage variables, and forecasted demand DRef, yr, represented by the recourse variables. The variability in the prices represents the solution robustness in which the model solution will remain close to optimal for all scenarios. On the other hand, variability ofthe recourse term represents the model robustness in which the model solution will almost be feasible for all scenarios. This technique gives rise to a multiobjective optimization problem in which... 

Table 7.6 shows the solution of the refineries network using the SAA scheme with N = 2000 and N = 20000 where the proposed model required 790CPUs to converge to the optimal solution. In addition to the master production plan devised for each refinery, the solution proposed the amounts of each intermediate stream to be exchanged between the different processes in the refineries. The formulation considered the uncertainty in the imported crude oil prices, petroleum product prices and demand. The three refineries collaborate to satisfy a given local market demand where the model provides the production and blending level targets for the individual sites. The annual production cost across the facilities was found to be 6 650 868. 

The refractive index (n) of a feed sample is proportional to its aromatic content the higher the value the more aromatic compounds are present in the feed. There are many methods to predict composition of petroleum products based on refractive index measurements [11]. The best linear regression model to predict refractive index (n) based on H-NMR spectra has the form ... 

At a minimum, the modeling capability must encompass industry models to reflect the nation s heavy industry at the core of the fossil energy and materials sector (electric power, petroleum refining, basic chemicals). This industry core generates the nation s electricity, refines the nation s petroleum products, and transforms the nation s chemicals into useable endproducts. New trends in production costs, resource use, and environmental quality will generally be influenced significantly by what happens in this heavy industrial core. 

The operation of the preprocessor is shown schematically in Figure 1. There are five basic steps o Select crude assay data o Build and report input tables o Generate crude data o Generate process data o Build and access LP data tables In the first step, the preprocessor accesses the disc file which contains all of Sun Petroleum Products Company s crude assays. The preprocessor extracts assay data for those crudes which the user has identified by card input as part of the base crude mix or to be made available to the LP model as an incremental refinery feed. The user can identify up to ten crudes any five of which can be designated as incremental. 

Bonazountas M. 1988. Mathematical pollutant fate modeling of petroleum products in soil systems. In Calabrese EJ, Kostecki, eds. Soils contaminated by petroleum Environmental and public health effects. New York, NY John Wiley and Sons, 31-97. 

Verhaar HJM, Morroni JR, Reardon KF, et al. 1997. A proposed approach to study the toxicology of complex mixtures of petroleum products The integrated use of QSAR, lumping analysis and PBPK/PD modeling. Environ Health Perspect 105 179-195. 

Although both are closely linked in our minds and by our own experience, the petroleum industry predated the automobile industry by half a century. The first oil well, drilled in Titusville, Pennsylvania, by Edwin Drake in 1859, provided rock oil, as it was then called, on a large scale. This was quickly followed by the development of a process to refine it so as to produce kerosene. As a fuel for oil lamps, kerosene burned with a bright, clean flame and soon replaced the more expensive whale oil then in use. Other oil fields were discovered, and uses for other petroleum products were found—illuminating gas lit city streets, and oil heated homes and powered locomotives. There were oil refineries long before there were automobiles. By the time the first Model T rolled off Henry Ford s assembly line in 1908, John D. Rockefeller s Standard Oil holdings had already made him one of the half-dozen wealthiest people in the world. 

Three different additives (Additive 1, 2 and 3) were used in order to see their effects on Crude oil-5. The viscosity of the crude oil is decreased considerably by treatment with the additives. Measurements of the shear stress-shear rate relationships were performed at constant temperature and experimental data were fitted to the Bingham plastic model using a linear regression program. When the amount of additive was increased from 500 ppm to 1000 ppm, the pour point of the crude oil was decreased significantly (Table 3). Denis and Durand [25] determined the low temperature properties of petroleum products that had been improved either by refinery processing or by adding wax... 

MirHassani, S. An operational planning model for petroleum products logistics under uncertainty. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 197 744-751, 2008. 

During pyrolysis -hexylpyrene seems to evaporate (sublimate) in spite of high pressures. Although values of the half life time increase due to increasing pressure in spite of a decrease of E and log A, this is a consequence of the mode of calculation as discussed already. n-Hexacontane also demonstrates a different shape of the curves for E = f(P) and log A = f P) from the petroleum products. The choice of these two substances for modelling the pyrolysis behavior of petroleum products was not very valuable. In the oxidation test the behavior of the substances does not dififer so much from that of petroleum products. Generally we have to ask whether using pure individual chemicals to model the pyrolysis and oxidation behavior of multi-component systems makes much sense. 

---