MMPIs

Corrosion Rate—the rate at which corrosion occurs. It is usually reported in units of inches of penetration per year (ipy), mils of penetration per year (mpy), milligrams of weight loss per square decimeter per day (mdd) microns per year Orm/yr), or millimeters per year (mmpy). Note that 1/am = 0.0395 mils. 

The sequence of questions on a test is very important. If the first few questions are very difficult, the person being tested may get discouraged and do poorly throughout. The reverse may happen if the first few questions are easy. Even when there are no correct answers, the sequential order is important. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) consists of over 500 questions. Many of these questions are not used in any evaluation. However, if these questions were eliminated, the responses obtained for the other questions would be different. 

The results were not completely consistent, but these findings seem to favor a dimensional model of depression. However, this may reflect inadequate indicator selection. Taxometric power analysis suggests this is not the case, but the power analyses may have presented an overly optimistic view of indicator quality. In addition, the construct validity of the indicators used in this study is unknown. The validity of the BDI and the MMPI Scale 2 are well established, but the authors used indicators derived from these instruments, not the scales themselves. We cannot assume that the indicators assessed depression as accurately as the original scales. In fact, we don t know whether the derived scales are reliable. It is possible that the indicators actually did not tap syndromal depression, but instead they tapped a closely related factor such as negative affect, and thus are largely irrelevant to the question about the taxonicity of depression per se. 

Golden, R. R., Meehl, P. E. (1979). Detection of the schizoid taxon with MMPI indicators. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 217-233. 

Tellegen, A., Ben-Porath, Y. S., McNulty, J. L., Arbisi, P. A., Graham, J. R. (2003). The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales Development, validation, and interpretation. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press. 

Another way that professionals assess for psychiatric disorders is to use an inventory that assesses for personality characteristics. The most famous of these inventories is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), which is now in its second edition as an instrument. Although the MMPI is actually a personality inventory, as it names suggests, many professionals will use it to spot suspected psychiatric disorders, such as depression, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Anxiety Disorder. The MMPI has several scales to assess common personality traits, such as depression, mania, psychopathic deviance, and even alcohol and drug use (Weed, Butcher, McKenna, Ben-Porath, 1992). 

In addition to the above behavioral and performance tests, there are a number of well-known tests of personality that may provide useful information in select clinical studies. The most well known of these tests is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). This test consists of 550 affirmative statements to which a true or false response is given and requires about one hour to complete. It is given to adults over the age of 16 and is scored for ten scales depression, hysteria, hypochondriasis, psychopathic deviate, masculinity-femininity, paranoia, hypomania, schizophrenia, psychasthenia, and social introversion. 

Dahlstrom, W. G., Welsh, G. S., Dahlstrom, L. E. (1975). An MMPI handbook. Volume II Research Applications. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press. 

DiLalla, D. L., Carey, G., Gottesman, 1.1., Bouchard, T. J., Jr. (in press). Personality indicators of psychopathology via MMPI in twins reared apart. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 

MMI/MMPI incorporates a modified Newton-Raphson energy minimization algorithm that moves atoms one by one and is quite efficient. The force field is parameterized not only for saturated hydrocarbons including cyclopropane, but also for nonconjugated olefins (17c),... 

MM2 is the result of several significant improvements in MMI (24). The recently released QCPE version (16b) contains revised parameters for many of the heteroatoms included in MMI and MMPI. 

Cyclophanes are naturally suited for MMPI (15b) calculations. The results ofsuch calculations regarding the structures and electronic spectra of the [m] paracyclophanes (n = 5-10) agreed well with the experimental data (169). Attempted X-ray analyses of [2.4]- and [2.5](9,10)-anthracenophanes (46) encountered serious disorder in the ahphatic bridges. MMPI calculations of all possible conformers of these molecules revealed four and six energy minima for 46a and 46b, respectively. Comparison of the calculated C10 C10 distances and bridge conformations with X-ray information unambiguously identified two conformations each for 46a and 46b as the final solutions. These and the calculated structures of photoisomer 47 were highly useful in the interpretation of fluorescence spectra and photoisomerization processes of 46 (170). 

Lindner (171) developed his own tt-SCF MO force field that is similar to MMPI in construction. This program was applied to simulate racemization of metacyclophane (48) and hexahelicene (50). In metacyclophane the m-phenylene ring flips readily at room temperature. Two mechanisms can be conceived one operates by way of a high steric energy conformation (48b) the other involves a biradical intermediate (49). The calculated activation energies are 17 and 32 kcal/mol, respectively. The experimental value is 17.7 kcal/mol, in accord with the first mechanism (172). The structures and energies of seven types of cyclophane have been calculated (172). 

At each Post, following a presentation by the briefing team, those still interested stayed in their seats and filled out the numerous pages of the personal history form. Then they spent up to an hour and a half completing the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), a widely used instrument for detecting psychiatric problems or profiling personality characteristics. 

First developed by Hathaway and McKinley in 1947, the MMPI is an interesting test. Each question is a statement which the applicant checks true or false as it applies to himself The originators chose its 550 items from a much larger pool, intuitively derived from clinical experience. Initially, they administered their inventory to individuals who had already been psychiatrically diagnosed. 

Because of concern about possible residual effects on personality profile or cognitive function, we not only gave the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and IQ tests prior to selection but also repeated them one and six months post-exposure. Although there were a few differences in the MMPI scale scores one month post-test, they were close to the pre-test values when the Inventory was repeated five months later. 

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