Statutory mixtures

Substanees hazardous to health inelude substanees labelled as dangerous (i.e. very toxie, toxie, harmful, irritant or eoiTosive) under any other statutory requirements, agrieultural pestieides and other ehemieals used on farms, and substanees with oeeupational exposure limits. They inelude harmful miero-organisms and substantial quantities of dust. Indeed any material, mixture or eompound used at work, or arising from work aetivities, whieh ean harm people s health is apparently eovered. 

Most statutory toxicity testing is done on individual compounds. In the natural environment, however, organisms are exposed to complex mixtures of pollutants. Toxicity testing procedures are described for environmental samples that contain mixtures of different chemicals. 

This section covers all the additives and treatments that are added or applied to flour. Some of these qualify as permitted flour treatments in law. The term flour improver is also used as a synonym. In this work the term improver is restricted to the compound improvers that are added to bread doughs. These mixtures tend to contain not only flour treatments but other required ingredients as well such as emulsifiers. The statutory additions that are made to flour for nutritional reasons are excluded. Also excluded are some of the substances that have historically been used but have now been universally banned. Some substances such as potassium bromate that are banned in the UK but are still legal elsewhere are covered. 

A complex mixture of constitutional Hmits, detailed statutory regulations, and social values provide a legal regime that governs searches, surveillance, and seizures. These legal and statutory principles are briefly presented using federal law. 

Permitted, which have passed special statutory tests as safety explosives, for use in coal mines, where methane-air mixtures or inflammable coal-dust are likely to be present. 

Provide the recommended or intended use of the substance or mixture, including a brief description of what it actually does, e.g. flame retardant, anti-oxidant, etc. Restrictions on use should, as far as possible, be stated including non-statutory recommendations by the supplier. 

At the time, automobile manufacturers expected to have to meet the original statutory 1975 Federal Standards of 0.41 g HC/mile and 3.4 g CO/mile, and therefore only PZ-236 was submitted for their consideration. In March 1973, while the automakers were seeking (successfully) a delay of the statutory 1975 Standards, General Motors Corp. (GM) testified (4) that only six vehicles in their corporate fleet had accumulated 50,000 miles. All six used UOP catalysts on the same low density support. Five of the six catalysts contained 2.24 g platinum per vehicle. The sixth, PZ-236, had 25% of that amount, but in a thermally-optimized, platinum—palladium mixture. As the automaker indicated, this... 

ACC states that its position is that the EPA should reverse the recent statements on statutory mixtures and maintain the same policy and guidance it has for many years. As of the date of this publication, the EPA and ACC/industry have not resolved this issue. 

C.F.R. 710.4(c)(2) see also Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory Representation For Products Containing Two Or More Substances Formulated And Statutory Mixtures (undated) [hereinafter Formulated and Statutory Mixtures] available at http //regulations. gov in docket number EPA-HQ-OPPT-2007-0392. 

The Inventory regulations paraphrase the statutory language and add that mixtures include ... 

Some alloys, glasses, ceramics, frits and cements are considered to be mixtures, although they have chemically reacted. The EPA agreed to treat these groups of material differently because of their very complex chemistry. These are considered statutory mixtures , and are on the Inventory as mixtures although each of their chemical constituents may... 

The Inventory listings provide detailed definitions of each category of statutory mixture. It is important to consult the definitions to determine whether a particular material falls within the category. 

Supported catalysts are considered statutory mixtures. Aluminosilicate zeolites are also considered statutory mixtures, and the chemicals comprising the zeolite do not have to be on the Inventory, although the starting materials must be on the Inventory. ... 

Hydrates of a chemical substance are considered statutory mixtures of the anhydrous chemical and water, except when water or a solvent is a reactant. The anhydrous form must be on the Inventory. ... 

The EPA may be moving away from the position that the constituents of ceramic materials and other statutory mixtures do not need to be on the Inventory. In a 2008 letter from the EPA to the American Chemistry Council, the EPA took the position that chemicals created during the formation of ceramic materials must be listed on the Inventory. 113 The EPA gave the specific example of ceramic-like materials that are made using relatively precise stoichiometric and compositional control, and result in products with definite elemental ratios, and unit cell structure and atomic coordination sites. These ceramic-like materials should be given chemical names rather than use the broader term ceramics. ... 

Importers are not specifically mentioned in the statutory or regulatory statements of the PMN requirement, but in both the statute and the regulations manufacture is defined to include both manufacture and import and so all of the premanufacture notification rules that apply to manufacturers also apply to importers. Importers do not need to ensure that substances in articles are on the Inventory because articles are exempt from the PMN process. However, it is important to review the definition of article to check that all of the substances in the article meet the definition. Importers must file PMNs on all new chemicals that they import in bulk or as part of a mixture. ... 

It is a common misconception that chemical substances or mixtures exempt from TSCA 5 requirements are wholly outside the purview of TSCA on a statutory basis. This is not so and this misconception presents a dangerous risk of non-compliance. 

As noted in the discussion of exports above, chemical substances, mixtures, or articles containing such substances or mixtures manufactured, processed, or distributed in commerce solely for export and labeled as for export only are generally exempt from the provisions of TSCA. This exemption does not apply to 12(b) export notification requirements, to 8 reporting and recordkeeping requirements, or to chemical substances, mixtures, or articles that the EPA determines will present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment in the United States. This statutory exemption includes importation of chemical substances solely for export because the word manufacture is defined to include importation. A chemical substance that will be relabeled or processed and will not be used in the United States may be imported solely for export. ... 

Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory Representation For Products Containing Two Or More Substances Formulated And Statutory Mixtoes Formulated Statutory Mixtures... 

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has promulgated regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to protect from disclosure to third-parties confidential business information (CBI) submitted to the Agency. The statutory provision requiring EPA to create protections for CBI is TSCA 14. TSCA 14 defines the nature of the CBI that should be maintained in confidence by reference to the Freedom of Information Act, which in turn protects information from disclosure if it consists of trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential. Examples of information considered CBI under TSCA include chemical formulas, material inputs identification, process information, chemical substance identities, company names, site locations, and volumes of substances manufactured, imported, or processed. The EPA may make pubHc any information claimed as CBI in health and safety studies on substances or mixtures that have been offered for commercial sale or for which testing is required under 4 or for which notification is required under 5. However, EPA cannot disclose process information or information about the proportion of chemical substances in a mixture. ... 

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