Miscellaneous sample effects

With the rapid increase in understanding of the mechanisms of cell injury and repair, a number of new substances have been identified that may prove to be useful markers of acute injury or disease activity. These include various cytokines and growth factors, several lipid mediators, a complex array of extracellular matrix components and cell adhesion molecules, plus a variety of miscellaneous compounds. At the present time, the clinical utility of their measurement in biologic samples is unknown, although in selected instances, clinical correlates have emerged. Unfortunately, not all of these markers are present in urine or blood samples. For some, detection involves histologic or histochemical techniques applied to renal tissue samples. Nonetheless, the substances discussed below are intimately involved in the control and modification of cell function, the response to stress and/or the processes of repair. It is anticipated that with proper amplification, one or more may be useful as a marker of susceptibility, exposure or effect. 

D) Miscellaneous. It should be noted that if a reaction between the atmosphere and a thermocouple and the sample container, gas pipe or other parts of the apparatus occurs, damage to the apparatus will be caused. In addition, the effects of the partial pressure of gaseous products (especially water vapor), thermal conductivity, etc., should be monitored carefully. 

---