Detectors miscellaneous

The use of spectroscopic techniques as detectors for GC is discussed in Chapter 7. The detectors already mentioned are those commonly used in present day instruments, however, there are a large number that have been developed over the years either for specialised applications or in the quest for the ideal universal detector. Some of these are outlined below. The reader is referred to specialised texts for further details of these and other detectors [61, 62, 68). 

The reference gas (pure carrier gas) enters the cell at A, divides and passes over both detector filaments. Column effluent enters at B with a flow rate 

5 Organic semiconductor detectors. Adsorbed gases have a marked effect on the electrical conductivity of organic semiconductors 

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Miscellaneous detectors. TLC, as with other chromatographic methods, is a separation not an identification technique and thus for unambiguous identification of analytes the separated components must be examined by spectroanalytical techniques. Mass [67] and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry [68] have both been used to good effect and considerable effort is currently being expended to develop robust methodologies and instrumentation in these areas. Instrumentation has recently been developed, for example, which elutes separated components directly onto a measured amount of potassium bromide which is then automatically pressed and introduced into an infrared spectrometer. 

Miscellaneous. Chloroplatinic acid is used in the production of automobile catalysts. Platino-type prints based on reduction of Pt(II) to Pt(0) by a photosensitive reducing agent such as iron(III) oxalate are used in art photography (261,262). Infrared imaging devices based on a platinum siLicide detector have been developed (263). 

Initially, since the ionization efficiency was remarkably low in tissue section samples, miscellaneous biological molecules such as salt were included in the analysis, which posed a problem. To resolve it, it was necessary to increase the detector sensitivity of the MS device, and improvements in the preparation and pretreatment of tissue samples were very important. Our actions toward solving these problems in the past several years are described below. 

Miscellaneous Acetone-toluene (1 1) Gas liquid chromatography with 63Ni detector [285]... 

Miscellaneous. Reaction with ninhydrin and colorimetric detection of the reaction products (VI), and a moving wire in conjunction with a flame ionization detector (T7) have been used to detect proteins and peptides, but both methods have poor sensitivity. A recent innovation has been the development of reaction detectors for determining proteins with biological activity For example, lactate dehydrogenase can be detected by adding NAD and lactate to the column effluent and monitoring the formation of NADH either fluorometrically or absorptiometrically (S4). 

Miscellaneous Methods. Two other methods may also be mentioned for their usefulness in shortening the elution time and novelty in the extraction process. Using reversed phase HPLC with UV detector and twin mobile phases A and B, Dogan et al. (1986) developed a method of alkaloid estimation. The mobile phase B, i.e., 0.05M sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.6 adjusted with acetic acid)-acetonitrile-THF-EtOH (88 6 3 3) gave quicker results than the mobile phase A, i.e., 0.05M sodium acetate buffer (pH... 

For purposes of this chapter, the process tube assembly starts with the inlet connector and ends with the outlet connector. It includes the connectors, nozzles, caps, plugs, process tube, gunbarrels, thermal shield blocks, donuts, gas seals, temperature detectors, orifices or venturis. Van Stone gaskets and gunbarrel flanges, plus miscellaneous bolts. The functions of this assembly are to 1) support the fuel, 2) channel the coolant, 3) seal the reactor atmosphere, 4) facilitate charge-discharge and 5) serve as a channel for control splines. 

BS 3116 Automatic fire alarms in buildings Part 1 1970 Heat sensitive (point) detectors Part 4 1974 Control and indicating equipment BS 4422 Glossary of terms associated with fire Part 1 1969 The phenomenon of fire Part 2 1971 Building materials and structures Part 3 1972 Means of escape Part 4 1975 Fire protection equipment Part 5 1976 Miscellaneous terms BS 4547 1972 Classification of fires... 

Miscellaneous drums 5- to 85-gallon sizes Radiation survey equipment Andersen two-stage microbial sampler with pump MSA universal sampling pump with detector tubes... 

In addition to large quantities of service equipment, toxic agents, and raw chemicals the CWS in World War II procured a variety of defensive and offensive munitions. Included among the defensive items were the gas masks, impregnite, impregnating plants, protective ointment, detector kits, decontaminating apparatus and such miscellaneous items as shoe impregnite and dust respirators. 

Other miscellaneous protective items which the CWS procured under contract were gas resistant aprons, made of impermeable cloth and intended for use by certain Medical Corps and CWS troops gas resistant sacks for shipment of contaminated clothing to decontaminating stations and various items for detecting such gases as vesicant detector crayons and liquid vesicant detector paper and paint. 

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