Minoxidil hair growth

Minoxidil Hair growth stimulant 1996 Rogaine Regular and Extra Strength For Men, Rogaine For Women... 

Topical minoxidil is used for the treatment of male pattern baldness (alopecia androgenetica) of the vertex of the scalp. Use of the tablets, in any formulation, to promote hair growth is not an approved use. 

In the pharmaceutical synthesis industry, piperidine is used in some drugs such as budipine (antiparkinsonian drug), raloxifene (used in the prevention of osteoporosis), minoxidil (an oral drug to treat high blood pressure). Minoxidil has the interesting side effect of hair growth and reverses hair loss. A two percent minoxidil solution can be used to treat this condition. 

Tachycardia, palpitations, angina, and edema are observed when doses of 3 blockers and diuretics are inadequate. Headache, sweating, and hypertrichosis, which is particularly bothersome in women, are relatively common. Minoxidil illustrates how one person s toxicity may become another person s therapy. Topical minoxidil (as Rogaine) is used as a stimulant to hair growth for correction of baldness. 

Cosmeceuticals are substances that are applied to skin or hair but do not modify its structure and function. One aspect that differentiates cosmeceuticals from cosmetics is that most, if not all, of them originate from bona fide medicinal chemistry programs. In this chapter, four representative cosmeceuticals are discussed isotretinoin (1) and tazarotene (2) for acne and minoxidil (3) and finasteride (4) for hair growth, respectively. Ironically, in spite of their market successes, neither minoxidil nor... 

N, N -Diallyl-pynmidine-2,4,6-triamine, U-7720 (23) was initially, developed as a potent antihypertensive agent. Later, its metabolite minoxidil (3) was found to be efficacious as both an antihypertensive orally and for hair growth topically. The systemic and local side effects of topical minoxidil (3) are essentially non-existent. 

Although vasodilators are effective in lowering blood pressure, these drugs are associated with a number of adverse effects. Reflex tachycardia often occurs because baroreflex responses attempt to compensate for the fall in vascular resistance that these drugs produce. This side effect is analogous to the increased heart rate occurring when alpha blockers are used to decrease peripheral vascular resistance. Other common reactions include dizziness, postural hypotension, weakness, nausea, fluid retention, and headache. Minoxidil also increases hair growth on the face, ears, forehead,... 

Hair growth stimulants Minoxidil, 2%, 5% solution, apply 1 mL to affected areas of scalp twice daily. Rogaine for Men, Rogaine for Women, Rogaine Extra Strength for Men Minoxidil appears to directly stimulate hair follicles resulting in increased hair thickness and reduced hair loss. Treatment for four... 

Direct vasodilators frequently produce baroreflex-induced tachycardia, but rarely orthostatic hypotension. They are usually prescribed with a beta blocker or a centrally acting antihypertensive to minimize the reflex increase in heart rate and cardiac output. It should be noted that another member of the directly acting class of antihypertensives is minoxidil. This potent, long-acting drug has gained considerable notoriety for its use as a topical hair-restorer. Oral use can result in hirsutism (unwanted hair growth over the face as well as other parts of the body). 

Alopecia (1) male pattern baldness (1) Topical minoxidil is worth tryin if the patient Is embarrassed by baldness. Some hair regrowth can be detected in up to S0% but it is rarely cosmetically significant. Most patients who take minoxidil orally for hypertension experience some increased hair growth. It may act by a mitogenic effect on hair follicles. The response occurs in 4-12 months stop treatment if no result in 1 year. 

Minoxidil is a vasodilator selective for arterioles rather than for veins, similar to diazoxide and hydralazine. Like the former, it acts through its sulphate metabolite as an ATP-dependent potassium channel opener. It is highly effective in severe hypertension, but causes increased cardiac output, tachycardia, fluid retention and hypertrichosis. The hair growth is generalised and although a cosmetic problem in women, it has been exploited as a topical solution for the treatment of baldness in men. 

Because it stimulates the same potassium channel in the pancreatic islet cells as is blocked by sulphonylureas, diazoxide causes hyperglycaemia. This effect renders diazoxide unsuitable for chronic use in h5 ertension, but a useful drug to treat insulinoma. Long-term oral administration causes the same problem of hair growth seen with minoxidil (see below and alopecia ). 

Minoxidil (2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine-3-oxide) is a potent vasodilator effective in severe hypertension irrespective of the cause. Isolated case reports have been published of hair growth in areas of male pattern baldness in patients treated with oral minoxidil, therefore topical minoxidil has been used for the treatment of alopecia areata and alopecia androgenica, with some success. 

Topical minoxidil stimulates new hair growth and arrests loss of hair in androgenic alopecia. Minoxidil is poorly absorbed through the skin (less than 4%) (1), and plasma concentrations of minoxidil are far less than 10% of the mean minoxidil concentration present 2 hours after oral ingestion of 5 mg, the lowest dose for the treatment of hypertension (2). Its adverse effects after topical apph-cation are therefore usually limited to the apphcation site on the scalp. They include irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and exacerbation of seborrheic dermatitis. These effects are seen in 5.7% of patients who use a 5% solution and in 1.9% of those who use a 2% formulation (3). 

A particular feature of minoxidil is excessive hair growth (7), which occurs in about 70% of patients who take oral minoxidil, usually within 2 months of the start of therapy. Severe hypertrichosis, unacceptable even to men, has comphcated the otherwise successful antihypertensive treatment of six patients after renal transplantation, for which ciclosporin was also used. Since hypertrichosis has also been described with ciclosporin, there may be an additive pharmacodynamic interaction (8). 

Some patients using minoxidil solution had increased hair growth outside the area of drug application (SEDA-18, 175), which suggests a systemic effect (17). 

Minoxidil topical. solution is u.scd to treat alopecia andro-genitica (male pattern baldness). Although (he mechanism is not clearly undcrsItKxl. topical minoxidil is believed to increa.se cutaneous bhxid How. which may stimulate hair growth. The stimulation of hair growth is attributed to va.so-dilation in the vicinity of application of the drug, re.sulting in better nourishment of (he local hair follicle.s. 

The interest in pharmacological therapy for male pattern hair loss started as early as 1965, when a topieal preparation of testosterone was tested for presumed benefits. Topical testosterone failed to show any efficacy (86). The interest then declined until reports about stimulation of hair growth in hypertensive patients being treated with the then experimental drug minoxidil renewed the hopes. 

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