Minimum commitment

A chief executive and his fellow managers can either give minimum commitment to the safety movement or maximum commitment and support. A successful change of safety culture needs both initial and ongoing management support as well as buy-in from the unions and employees. Line management must take the lead and be active participants. 

Without these assurances in place, as a minimum commitment from organizational management, the system safety effort will not succeed. It can be said that the very reason system safety is utilized is to facilitate the decisionmaking process regarding risk or potential risk of failure. Therefore, management must not only provide the necessary resources and companywide commitment needed to accomplish the system safety objectives but also stand ready to accept the results of the system safety process and ensure that appropriate, responsible decisions are made on the basis of all available information. 

Bassok, Y, R. Anupindi. 1997. Analysis of Supply Contracts with Total Minimum Commitment. HE Transactions 29, 373-381... 

With deregulation, most of the nuclear plants are now merchant plants, dedicated to selling power on the open market at as high a price as possible. Some plants have minimum commitments to the parent company and its wholly owned utility. 

The result of these attitudes is that a minimum commitment is made to the initiative until senior management show by conhnuous example that the initiative is here to stay. A significant new safety initiative is likely to require at least two years of operation to convince middle managers and supervisors and four years to convince employees that the initiative is seriously intended ... 

An agreement between the United States and Russia led to a commitment in 1994 by the United States to buy 500 metric tons of Russian HEU, which has been converted to low enriched uranium (LEU). The HEU must come from dismanded nuclear weapons before it is converted to LEU. The sale of converted HEU to the United States is to be carried out on a timetable in which no less than 10 t are to be converted in each of the first five years of the agreement and no less than 30 t in each year thereafter (35). In all, the agreement would last for 20 years if only these minimums were sold each year. 

In order that your subcontractors can achieve 100% on-time delivery, you need to provide the same type of information and make the same commitments as your customer will to enable you to meet 100% on-time delivery to them (see Part 2 Chapter 15). You therefore need to inform your subcontractors of your production schedule and release orders to your subcontractors based on that schedule. If operating under a ship-to-stock system, you will need a means of notifying your subcontractor when stocks drop to the minimum level. Under such arrangements, you do not need a purchase order for every delivery as one order specifying the shipment rate will suffice. A good maxim to work by is ... 

End of Abstract Nowadays, the Diesel vehicles market in Western Europe keeps growing. Diesel technology is of interest for car manufacturers because the Greenhouse gas emissions are noticeably lower with Diesel than with gasoline (do not forget the ACEA1 commitment for 2008 140 g/km of C02 for the new cars sold in European Union). A major issue for the Diesel vehicles is to clean-up HC, CO, NO and soot particles released by the engine at a minimum cost. 

Though different performance criteria may be defined, many of the OQ and PQ tests will overlap however, one should try to keep such redundancy to a minimum. Exactly what is tested and what the particular validation criteria are is dependent on both the capabilities of the system and the operating intentions of the user. Throughout, for the entire validation process to be implemented most successfully, it is important for there to be clear communication between the user and the vendor, to know what is expected, who is responsible for each task and to be committed to the details of the process. 

Advanced purchase commitments require a technical committee to identify the desired, feasible technical characteristics of a vaccine. The donor institution or sponsor would offer a minimum price to firms that developed a vaccine meeting the technical characteristics. The minimum price would be higher than the market can currently sustain, and it would be achieved by the donor offering copayments to the manufacturer to make up the difference between the market price and the minimum price. For example, the sponsor might make a payment of 13.50 per dose, while the transaction price of the vaccine for the ultimate buyer might be only 1.50. The manufacturer would thus obtain a total price of 15. 

If specified, a co-ordination meeting shall be held, preferably at the vendor s plant, within 4 to 6 weeks after order commitment. Unless otherwise specified, the vendor shall prepare and distribute sn agenda prior to this meeting, which as a minimum shall include a review of the following items ... 

What constitutes excellence In rather simple terms, excellence in the contract laboratory can be defined as producing work which consistently meets high standards of quality. Emphasis is placed on consistency since without this factor the sponsor s confidence and trust in the laboratory will quickly evaporate. In more specific terms, a contract laboratory committed to quality work should perform its work in a way which builds and maintains mutual confidence between sponsor and laboratory. At a minimum, the laboratory should strive to ensure that the work being done satisfies the sponsor s study objectives and is produced promptly and accurately. In addition, frequent communication between the contract laboratory and the sponsor helps to assure the sponsor that adequate progress is being made and that problems are being... 

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