Mineralization biomass

The test uses radiocarbon dating (also called C method or radiocarbon method). Dating is based on the radioactive decay of the carbon isotope C. In nature, carbon occurs in three isotopes C, C, and C. In contrast to C and C, which occur in particular in inorganic compounds, C is not stable and therefore also called radiocarbon. It originally forms in the upper atmosphere and is incorporated into biomass during photosynthetic metabolizing processes. Due to radioactive decay, the amount of decreases over time in mineralized biomass. According to Libby, its half-life is 5,568 30 years [291]. 

Adsorption of Metal Ions and Ligands. The sohd—solution interface is of greatest importance in regulating the concentration of aquatic solutes and pollutants. Suspended inorganic and organic particles and biomass, sediments, soils, and minerals, eg, in aquifers and infiltration systems, act as adsorbents. The reactions occurring at interfaces can be described with the help of surface-chemical theories (surface complex formation) (25). The adsorption of polar substances, eg, metal cations, M, anions. A, and weak acids, HA, on hydrous oxide, clay, or organically coated surfaces may be described in terms of surface-coordination reactions ... 

The role of water in the life of plants is well known. In terms of its major effects this role consists in transporting the mineral nutrition, maintenance of intracellular pressure responsible for the vertical growth of plants and, finally, participation in photosynthesis which provide the biomass growth, or plainly speaking, the crop production. 

Under stable conditions of extremely low productivity imposed by mineral nutrient stress (position 7 in Fig. lb) there is little seasonal change in biomass. Leaves and roots often have a functional life of several years and there is usually an uncoupling of resource capture from growth (Grime, 1977 Chapin, 1980). Because of the slow turnover of plant parts, differentiating cells occupy a small proportion of the biomass and morphogenetic... 

Although a number of white-rot fungi have been examined and shown to degrade PAHs (Field et al. 1992), greatest attention has probably been directed to Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus, and to the PAHs anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene that will be used to illustrate the cardinal principles. A substantial fraction of PAHs may also be sorbed to the biomass—40% for phenanthrene and 22% for benzo[a]pyrene (Barclay et al. 1995). The degree of mineralization of PAHs by white-rot fungi may sometimes be quite low, for example, for Pleurotus ostreatus, yields were 3.0, 0.44, 0.19, and 0.19% for phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene, and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively (Bezalel et al. 1996a). 

J. Schniirer and T. Rosswall, Mineralization of nitrogen from N-labelled fungi, soil microbial biomass and roots,and its uptake by barley plants. Plant Soil 102 71 (1987). 

Being on-farm emissions (from cultivation and animals breeding) the most important source of GHG in food life cycle, numerous studies have tried to reduce them. Ahlgren [55] has used LCA to evaluate the use of biofuels in tractors and the substitution of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. This implied that 3-6% of a farm s available land was needed to produce the required biomass (to produce biofuels and fertilizer). 

Ahlgren, S. Crop Production Without Fossil Fuel. Production Systems for Tractor Fuel and Mineral Nitrogen Based on Biomass. Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. 

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