Miller gels

Recently, solvent-free Skraup/Doebner-von Miller reactions have been developed under microwave radiation. For example, aniline 34 and enone 35 are reacted in the presence of silica gel impregnated with indium trichloride to give the corresponding quinoline 36 in good yield. It was subsequently shown that both electron-rich and electron-poor anilines undergo cyclization in a similar fashion. 

The theories of Miller and Macosko are used to derive expressions for pre-gel and post-gel properties of a crosslinking mixture when two crosslinking reactions occur. The mixture consists of a polymer and a crosslinker, each with reactive functional groups. Both the polymer and crosslinker can be either collections of oligomeric species or random copolymers with arbitrary ratios of M /Mj. The two independent crosslinking reactions are the condensation of a functional group on the polymer with one on the crosslinker, and the self-condensation of functional groups on the crosslinker. 

The post-gel Miller-Macosko derivation determines network properties by first calculating the probability that looking out from a A group is a finite chain, P(F ° ). This probability is equal to the probability that A has not reacted (1-a) plus the probability that A has reacted times the probability that looking in to a B group is finite ... 

In this paper a simple BASIC program for calculating pre-gel and post-gel properties of thermoset coatings has been presented. The program is based on the work of Miller and Macosko and has been extended to incorporate two independent crosslinking reactions. In... 

Classical models of gel formation (or sol-gel transitions [4]) by Flory [394], Gordon, Ma-cosko and Miller [228,245], and others (see Ref. 4 for a more complete review) considered... 

Michov, BM, Radically Simplifying the Henry Eunction, Electrophoresis 9, 199, 1988. Miller, DR Macosko, CW, A New Derivation of Post Gel Properties of Network Polymers, Macromolecules 9, 206, 1976. 

Miller and Macmillan [4] carried out purification of pectinesterase from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum culture fluid (fivefold degree of purification). According to the obtained data the purified enzyme possessed very low polygalacturonatlyase one. Disk electrophoresis at pH 4.3 revealed two protein components. The authors did not study distribution of pectinesterase activity in these components. Molecular weight of fungal pectinesterase determined using gel — filtration on Sefadex G — 75 was found to be 35,000. 

SC Miller, MD Donovan. (1982). Effect of poloxamer 407 gel on the mitotic activity of pilocarpine nitrate in rabbits. Int J Pharm 12 147-152. 

DR Miller, CW Macosko. A new derivation of post gel properties of network polymers. Macromolecules 9 206-211, 1976. 

Harris RF, Nation AJ, Copeland GT, Miller SJ (2000) A polymeric and fluorescent gel for combinatorial screening of catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 122 11270-11271... 

Miller, J.M., Dunn, B., Valentine, J.S. and Zink, J.I. (1996) Synthesis conditions for encapsulating cytochrome c and catalase in Si02 sol-gel materials. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 202, 279-289. 

B.C. Dave, H. Soyez, J.M. Miller, B. Dunn, J.S. Valentine, and J.I. Zink, Synthesis of protein-doped sol-gel SiC>2 thin films evidence for rotational mobility of encapsulated cytochrome c. Chem. Mater. 7, 1431-1434 (1995). 

Newkome GR, Baker GR, Aral S, Saunders MJ, Russo PS, Theriot KJ, Moorefield CN, Rogers LE, Miller JE, Lieux TR, Murray ME, Phillips B, Pascal L. Cascade molecules. Part 6. Synthesis and characterization of two-directional cascade molecules and formation of aqueous gels. J Am Chem Soc 1990 112 8458-8465. 

LPLC 5% ethyl acetate in chloroform Michel-Miller column (200 g Silica gel) Allamanda schottii/ stem ethanol extract allamandin and allamcin [47]... 

D. Stones, D. J. Miller, M. W. Beaton, T. J. Rutherford and D. Gani, A method for the quantification of resin loading using 19F gel phase NMR spectroscopy and a new method for benzyl ether linker cleavage in solid phase chemistry, Tet. Lett, 1998, 39, 4875 1878. 

Solvent removal from the gels has a strong influence on the structure of the materials. Simple evaporation of solvent gives the xerogel, whereas extraction with supercritical C02 gives the aerogel with much larger pore volume and pore diameter (Miller et al., 1994 Hutter et al., 1995). 

Storb, U., Haasch, D., Arp, B., Sanchez, P., Cazenave, P.-A., Miller, J. (1989). Physical linkage of mouse X genes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggests that the rearrangement process favors proximate target sequences. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9,711-718. 

For example, misfolded forms of the Tetrahymena ribozyme refold very slowly at 4 °C, and are easily separated from the native form (Pan and Woodson, 1998). However, if the ribozyme is first incubated in another ion such as Na+ that allows the RNA to come close to the native structure, these native-like intermediates are captured as the native form when the RNA encounters Mg2+ in the gel running buffer (Figure 9.3A) (Heilman-Miller et al, 2001). Similarly, the Azoarcus ribozyme rapidly forms nativelike, compact intermediates in Mg2+ concentrations below that required for catalytic activity (Rangan et al, 2003). These intermediates also appear in the folded state when assayed by native PAGE. 

Miller, M.J. Fogler, H.S., A Mechanistic Investigation of Waterflood Diversion Using Foamed Gels Proc., Annual Technical Conf, Society of Petroleum Engineers Richardson, TX, 1992, SPE paper 24662. 

Pieper R, Gatlin CL, Makusky AJ, Russo PS, Schatz CR, Miller SS, et al. The human serum proteome Display of nearly 3700 chromatographically separated protein spots on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels and identification of 325 distinct proteins. Prote-omics 2003 3(7) 1345 1364. 

Miller, T. Y., He, X.M., Carter, D.C., A comparison between protein crystals grown with vapor diffusion methods in microgravity and protein crystals using a gel liquid liquid diffusion ground-based method. J. Cryst. Growth 1992, 122 (1-4), 306-309. 

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