Derivatives, determination

In these examples the base name of the benzene derivative determines the carbon at which numbering begins anisole has its methoxy group at C 1 toluene its methyl group... 

The post-gel Miller-Macosko derivation determines network properties by first calculating the probability that looking out from a A group is a finite chain, P(F ° ). This probability is equal to the probability that A has not reacted (1-a) plus the probability that A has reacted times the probability that looking in to a B group is finite ... 

Ferruzzi, M.G. et al.. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of dietary chlorophyll derivatives determined by radical scavenging and bacterial reverse mutagenesis assays, J. Food ScL, 67, 2589, 2002. 

Calculate the true wall shear rate from equation 3.20 with the derivative determined in 3. In general, the plot of ln(8u/d,) against lnr. will not be a straight line and the gradient must be e iluated at the appropriate points on the curve. 

Evaluation of the only appropriate Fukui function is required for investigating an intramolecular reaction, as local softness is merely scaling of Fukui function (as shown in Equation 12.7), and does not alter the intramolecular reactivity trend. For this type, one needs to evaluate the proper Fukui functions (/+ or / ) for the different potential sites of the substrate. For example, the Fukui function values for the C and O atoms of H2CO, shown above, predicts that O atom should be the preferred site for an electrophilic attack, whereas C atom will be open to a nucleophilic attack. Atomic Fukui function for electrophilic attack (fc ) for the ring carbon atoms has been used to study the directing ability of substituents in electrophilic substitution reaction of monosubstituted benzene [23]. In some cases, it was shown that relative electrophilicity (f+/f ) or nucleophilicity (/ /f+) indices provide better intramolecular reactivity trend [23]. For example, basicity of substituted anilines could be explained successfully using relative nucleophilicity index ( / /f 1) [23]. Note however that these parameters are not able to differentiate the preferred site of protonation in benzene derivatives, determined from the absolute proton affinities [24],... 

Table 6 Structures of c/oso-1 -CBgH10 derivatives determined experimentally... 

Table 14 Structures of nido-7,8-C2Bg 2 derivatives determined experimentally by X-ray crystallography unless stated otherwise with C(7)-C(8) bond lengths listed where possible... 

C2B10H13 with Me2S and FeCl3 in 71% yield.285 Structures of nido-1 and derivatives determined... 

Interest in these compounds—mainly for use as weakly coordinating anions—has grown rapidly in the last decade. Many synthetic routes to CBnHi2 and its derivatives are shown in Table 17 (Figures 4 and 5). The structures of CBnH12 and its derivatives determined experimentally are summarized in Table 18. The table shows one column for cations where the anions are regarded as discrete entities within the crystal lattice and the other for cations where the anions are viewed as a fragment of a molecule or polymer in the solid state. 

C-Li using BuLi in THF or ether-benzene followed by a reagent. Several structures of closo- 1,2-C2B10H12 derivatives determined experimentally are summarized in Table 22. 

Table 24 Structures of c/oso-1, 7-C2BioH12 (mefa-carborane) derivatives determined experimentally by X-ray diffraction unless otherwise stated ...

H Yamamura, A Akasaki, Y Yamada, K Kano, T Katsuhara, S Araki, M Kawai, T Tsuda. Capillary zone electrophoretic chiral discrimination using cationic cyclodextrin derivative determination of velocity and association... 

Laplace equation A thermodynamic derivation Determining surface tension from the Kelvin equation Heat of immersion from surface tension and contact angle Surface tension and the height of a meniscus at a wall Interfacial tensions from the Girifalco-Good-Fowkes equation... 

Highly diastereoselective alkylation at C-2 of benzo-l,4-diazepin-3-ones 41 was accomplished in 40-85% chemical yield using an (R)-phenylglycinol moiety at N-4, as the chirality-inducing element (Scheme 10) <2005EJ01590>. The optimum conditions involve deprotonation of 41 with 2 equiv of -BuLi at — 40 °C and alkylation at — 78 °C to give products 42 with 86-96% de. A single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the methylated derivative determined that the major product formed was the 2-(R)-isomer, as depicted in the product 42. 

In the macroscopic theory, a state of a physical (chemical) system is described by a set of thermodynamic parameters ,-,/= 1,..., n. These parameters and their derivatives determine the values of the thermodynamic fluxes/,- and forces Xj, i= 1,.. 

A 200-mL aliquot of an aqueous sample was pH buffered and derivatized with DNPH. The DNPH derivatives were extracted with methylene chloride and the extract was solvent exchanged to 50 mL acetonitrile. Analysis by HPLC-UV showed the presence of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) derivative which was quantitated as 2.7 mg/L in the extract, using the calibration standards prepared from the solid derivative. Determine the concentration of the MEK in the sample. 

Air drawn through a midget impinger containing 10 mL of 2 N I ICl/0.5% DNPH and 10 mL isooctane the stable DNPH derivative formed partitions into isooctane layer, isooctane layer separated aqueous layer further extracted with 10 mL 70/30 hexane/methylene chloride the latter combined with isooctane the combined organic layer evaporated under a steam of N2 residue dissolved in methanol the DNPH derivative determined by reversed phase HPLC using UV detector at 370 nm (U.S. EPA Method TO-5, 1988). 

Which stereogenic unit is present in the following adamantane derivative Determine its configuration. 

Using partial derivatives, determine die optimum conditions for die enzyme assay using coded values of die three factors. Convert these to die raw experimental conditions. 

Devlin FJ, Stephens PJ, Besse P (2005) Are the absolute configurations of 2-(l-hydro-xyethyl)-chromen-4-one and its 6-bromo derivative determined by X-ray crystallography correct A vibrational circular dichroism study of their acetate derivatives. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 16 1557-1566... 

From the bacteriostatic activity data of kojic acid derivatives determined at pH 6, 7, and 8 with s. aureus, we have derived the following equations (13). 

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