Middle cerebral artery occlusion MCAO

Although liver uptake of this compound is relatively high, the ischemic regions of the heart were visualized. SPECT images obtained from cats that were administered BMS-181321 one hour after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) showed selective brain retention in the ischemic territory of the MCA... 

Fig. 4.13. Lesion evolution in reversible (90-min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in a rat. Upper row, quantitative images of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) lower row, quantitative T2 images as measured serially over 22 days post stroke. Note the transient pseudo-normalization of the diffusion disturbance upon reperfusion and, second, after 7 days when initially reduced ADC values slowly shift to supernormal levels indicating the chronic infarct stage. [Reproduced with permission from Hoehn et al. (2001)]...

Fig.8.1a-d. Evans blue extravasation 6 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Evans blue extravasation is shown in red and cell nuclei in blue labeled by 4 -6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), a compound that binds to DNA. (a) A low-magnification view of the entire ischemic area, (b) Evans blue extravasation from a vessel located in the area adjacent to the ischemic area, (c) Electronic magnification of the box in (b) (arrow is pointing at a leakage of Evans blue from the vessel), (d) No extravasation of Evans blue is seen in a vessel from the same section seen in (b) and (c) but located in the corresponding region of the contralateral hemisphere Contra, contralateral. [Reproduced with permission from Yepes et al. (2003)]... 

A number of animal models have been developed to mimic cerebral ischemia experimentally. They can be roughly categorized into global (bilateral arterial occlusion) and focal (unilateral arterial occlusion) cerebral ischemia models. Probably the widest applied method is the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), performed by transiently blocking the arterial blood flow with a removable thread or... 

Recently, E2-CDS also was shown to provide very encouraging neuroprotective effects. In ovariectomized rats, pretreatment with E2-CDS decreased the mortality caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)from 65%to 16% (292). Eg-CDS reduced the area of ischemia by 45-90% or 31%, even if administered afterMCAOby40 or 90 min, respectively. Another recent study provided evidence that treatment with Eg-CDS can protect cholin-... 

The first indication that butylphthalide (30) and its two enantiomers 31 (3R-) and 32 (35-) have anti-stroke properties was based on their abilities to delay stroke occurrence and to prolong post-stroke life span in spontaneous hypertensive stroke-prone rats [310], Adopting the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced focal ischemia rat model, Feng et al. demonstrated that 30, 31 and 32 decreased infarct size [311, 312], This finding may be related to their abilities to increase regional cerebral blood flow [313-315] and arteriole diameter [315]. Phthalides 30, 31 and 32 lessened MCAO-induced inflammation [316], and reduced cerebral edema [317, 318] and blood-brain barrier permeability [318]. In addition, these three phthalides caused a beneficial post-MCAO learning improvement in an active avoidance test [319], The protective activities of 30, 31 and 32 on cerebral injuries are summarized in Table 4. 

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) Assay and Vascular Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPG) Perlecan Assay... 

Figure 20(a) presents a typical amperometric curve obtained from in vivo measurements of NO concentrations in a rat s brain during a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The porphyrinic sensor was stereotoxically implanted perpendicularly into the ipsilateral parietal cortex at coordinates 0.8-mm posterior and 4.5-mm lateral to the bregma, and 3 mm below dura. An increase in NO concentration (about... 

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