Microstructural efficiency factor

This value has been used as abscissa for the stress/strain curve in fig.5. Fig.6 shows a corresponding curve obtained without change of strain path. It shows the well-known stages HI, IV and V. Fig.5 has been similarly divided into stages B, C and D. Careful investigations of microstructure [3,11] have shown that stages B, C and D correspond to II, IV and V. Comparison of the onset strains shows that the strain defined by eq.(4) is much less efficient to produce the corresponding structures. It should therefore be corrected by an efficiency factor r so that... 

Strain hardening effect, 20 224 Straining efficiency, 77 340 Strain rate, 73 473 Strain recovery rate (Rr), in testing shape-memory polymers, 22 361 Strain sensors, 77 150, 151-152 Strain tensor, for noncentrosymmetry pont group crystals, 77 93-94 Strain versus time curve factors affecting, 73 473 material and microstructure effect on, 73 473-474... 

Each of these factors contributes to the unique microstructure of mucus, which should be understood prior to the development of gene vectors capable of passing efficiently through the mucosal barrier. Hydrophobic interactions between mucin polymers cause mucus to form a fine network. In cervical mucus, this network consists of a fine mesh with interfiber spacings of approximately 100 nm within a macroporous mesh of interfiber spacings approximately 500 nm... 

The main conclusion of the calculations summarized here is that the packing efficiency (as determined by the shape of the chain contour and the mobility of chain segments) is an extremely important physical factor in determining the permeability. This conclusion is also supported by positron annihilation studies of the microstructure of polymers in... 

Genetic engineering and supramolecular self-assembly offer a wide scope for controlling fibre composition and microstructure. The number and variety of materials that could be engineered with these techniques is extremely large. Much effort will be required to comprehensively characterise and efficiently refine the load-bearing properties of the new fibres. It is therefore opportune to reflect on the factors that determine the characteristics of hierarchical microstructure in natural fibres, and the ability of such microstructures to resist fracture. 

The efficiency of a solid-state thermoelectric engine primarily depends on the diemical conqioshions of materials and then of phase stabilities. The improv ement of the figure of meiit in thermoelectric materials depends on multiple factors r arding the microstructures and the physical properties (1). 

Table 12.37 provides, in qualitative fashion, the effectiveness of some commonly used inhibitors for closed cooling-water circuits [27,28]. It must be kept in mind, however, that the efficiency of an inhibitor depends on a number of factors that are not taken into account in this table hydrod3mamic conditions, chemical composition of the water, microstructure of the alloy, etc. To evaluate these effects one must turn to laboratory testing. 

Electrocatalysts advocated for methanol oxidation at the anode and oxygen reduction at the cathode in DMFCs are required to possess well-controlled structure, dispersion, and compositional homogeneity [46 9]. The electrocatalytic activities of both anode and cathode catalysts are generally dependent on numerous factors such as particle size and particle size distribution [50-54], morphology of the catalyst, catalyst composition and in particular its surface composition [55,56], oxidation state of Pt and second metal, and microstructure of the electrocatalysts [49,57,58]. With the frequently attempted surface manipulation strategies for nanosized electrocatalysts to increase their catalytic efficiencies toward MOR and ORR, rigorous characterization techniques which can provide information about nanoscale properties are critically required. For example, parameters such as particle size and variation in surface composition have strong influence on catalytic efficiency. Further, if the nanoparticles are comprised of two or more metals, both the composition and the actual distribution will... 

---